Clinical Devices Flashcards
Electronic beds include:
Circo- electric beds
Low air loss beds
air - fluidized beds
smart beds
Beds that rotate so that patients who cannot be moved can be placed in different positions to relieve pressure, facilitate interactions, and promote circulation.
Circo - electric beds
Allow air that is pumped in the support surface to leak, so there is a continuous flow of air through the air pillows in the device.
Low air loss beds
Special bed systems that have a high flow of air through silicon beads, originally designed for treatment of burn patients.
Air - fluidized - high air loss - beds
May include motion alarms and motion-activated night lights and may provide verbal warnings, such as “Please, do not get out of bed” and “Your call light is not connected.”
smart beds
include infusion pumps for large volumes and syringes as well as for patient-controlled analgesia.
Smart pumps
uses wireless mobile units at the point of care to scan the barcode on each unit of medication or blood component before it is dispensed.
Barcode medication administration (BCMA)
such as physiological monitors (heart rate, blood pressure) and smart pumps, must interface between the patient and the device and then in digital form from the device to the information system, which must aggregate the data, which are then sent to an interface that converts the data to HL7 for transmission to the electronic health record.
Biomedical devices
Medical smart devices include:
Sleep / vital statistics monitors
Smart watches
smart heart monitors
fitness trackers
A disk is placed under the patient’s mattress to detect sleeping patterns, heartrate, respiratory rate, and movements.
Sleep/ vitals statistics monitors
These devices connect to smart phones, and applications may be used to detect seizures; monitor daily activity and exercise; monitor cardiac status, heart rate and rhythm; monitor tremors; monitor diabetes status and need for insulin; monitor medications (including alarms to note time to take medications); monitor eating behaviors; and monitor emotional status.
Smart watches
Some, such as Duo®, include a digital stethoscope and portable ECG to continuously monitor a patient’s cardiac status.
Smart heart monitors
Watch-like device allows users to track activities, such as the number of daily steps, and some include heartrate monitoring.
Fitness trackers
are intended for the end user and comprise interactive software applications that provide information to physicians or other health care providers to help with health care decisions.
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs)
an important component of CDSs and may be used for cost-effectiveness, safety, and preventive health.
Alerts
Types of alerts may include the following:
Warnings
reminders
notifications
Activation
systems greatly reduce paperwork and decrease errors.
Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
The benefits of CPOE
Patient centered
intuitive
secure
portable
billing easier and more accurate
is a clinical software application that automates medication/treatment ordering, requiring that orders be typed in a standard format to avoid mistakes in ordering or interpreting orders. CPOE is promoted by Leapfrog as a means to reduce medication errors.
CPOE
There are four types of computer networks:
Local area networks
Metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
internet
are often used by companies to connect the computers in a single area or building.
Local area networks (LANs)
typically connected to a server (or servers) located in the same building.
Local area networks (LANs)
used to connect computers on a university campus or local government agencies housed in separate buildings within the same general area
Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
connect computers that are separated by a large geographical space such as individual hospitals owned by the same company.
Wide area networks (WANs)
connected via a virtual private network (VPN).
Wide area networks (WANs)
worldwide network of computers accessed by an internet service provider.
internet
In the field of informatics, architecture is defined by the type of computer system used
Architecture
the form of communication used between the computers involved.
network architecture
The way that computers are interconnected in a LAN
Topology
When computers are connected to the network by a direct line, this is called
Bus topology
relies on a central computer (called a server) to relay information to each separate computer.
Star topology
Early local area networks were built on a
Ring topology
includes the protocols and technology involved in allowing audio and multimedia transmission, such as audio, FAX, messaging, and short-messaging service (SMS), which is text messaging, over the internet.
Voice - over internet protocol (VoIP)
is an automatic system for identification that employs embedded digital memory chips with unique codes to track patients, medical devices, medications, and staff.
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
here are two types of RFID
Active and Passive
Continuous signals are transmitted between the chips and sensors.
Active
Signals are transmitted when in proximity to a sensor.
Passive
Is proprietary technology developed by Ericsson and managed by Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has established Bluetooth standards and oversees use.
Bluetooth technology
Considered open technology
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is intended primarily for
portable devices
have led the way towards a “filmless” medical system.
Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)
uses algorithms to scramble data so that the data cannot be read without first decoding it.
Data encryption
applies to both data in motion (during transmission) and data at rest (stored).
Data encryption
are those that use real or realistic equipment and materials as part of learning.
High fidelity simulations
This can include electroencephalogram machines, mannequins, or specialized equipment used in the work environment, so that learners can actually practice the tasks or procedures that they will carry out as part of their job.
high fidelity simulations
rely on verbal, print, video, or audio descriptions and often involve discussion of potential actions rather than actual practice.
Low fidelity simulations
Are less expensive and can usually be completed more quickly, but evaluation may not adequately measure clinical expertise.
Low fidelity simulations
involves participation in computer-simulated environments in which the participant often has an avatar, a visual representation of the person
Virtual reality
allows the person to interact and have a life-like experience in a learning environment.
Virtual reality simulation
is a virtual online world that has been incorporated into health care educational programs, allowing students to interact in medical communities.
Second Life
