synaptic plasticity Flashcards
transient memory and easily disruptable
short term
permanent memory
long term
starts with sensory input but if unattended it is lost
sensory memory
a record in the nervous system of events in the physical world that lead to changes in behavior
learning
learning has an outcome which is
memory
a rapid increase in synaptic strength that occurs when two or more AP invade the presynaptic terminal
facilitation
an activity dependent form of short term synapytic plasticity that enhances synaptic transmission over a time course
potentiation
short term decrease in synaptic strength resulting from the depeltion of synaptic vessicles at active synapses
depression
an activity dependent from of short term synaptic plasticity that enhances synaptic transmission over time
augmentation
facilitation: 2 presynapic AP elicit 2 ESPSs, the second is larger than the first, more Ca2+ enters from both AP which leads to increase in
NT
potentiation: high freq. stim. : tetanus which is delivered to presynaptic neurons which causes what in postsynaptic neuron
potentiation that persists for a few minutes
low freq. stimulation leads to a reduction in post synaptic activity which is
depression
long term potentiation leads to long term changes in ____ ___ and strength of synaptic connections
protein levels
perforant pathways bring information from the entorhinal cortex into
dentate gyrus —> CA3 —> CA1
changes in ____ ___ pathwya have been associated with long term memory
schaeffer collateral
higher responses of collaterals stimulated by high freq. stimulus and EPSP are enhanced for a long period after stimulation
Long term potentiation
stimulating pre and post synaptic causes AP that superimposes on EPSP- induces ___
LTP
stimulating the post synaptic neuron before pre causes ___
LTD
cells that fire together, wire together
hebbs rule
delivery of the stimulus to any of the pathways of the ____ will result in increase in EPSPs
hippocampus
what has to happen for NMDA receptor to be activated
1.) activation of AMPA receptor: magnesium released because of depolarization
2.) glutamate has to be present in synaptic cleft (to bind to NMDA)
LTP increases glutamate response of a dendritic spine due to an increase in ___ on spine
AMPA
glutamatergic synapses that have NMDAR but not AMPAR at plasma membrane
silent synapses
LTP increases ____ on plasma membrane
AMDAR
LTP can also increase the ability of presynaptic terminals to release
glutamate
treatment with an ____ of protein synthesis causes LTP to decay within a few hours
inhibitor
LTP activation sequence
NMDA activation —> influx of Ca
Ca activates calmodulin
calmodulin regulates CaMKII
CAMK activates PKA
PKA activates CREB (transcription factor; binds to DNA))
CREB activates
ubiquitin ligase (increase transcription factors)
CREB regulates __ ___ and ___ which are transcription factors; (cause second wave of gene expression regulates genes important for synaptic plasticity)
EGR c-fos and C-BPG
only synapses that are active will have activated _____ (more translation, proteins and growth)
CPEB
