nervous system basics Flashcards
affects the function of a protein associated with mitotic spindles and results in _____ reduced brain size
microcephaly
silver stain that labels entire cell body
golgi stain
father of modern neuroscience
ramon y cajal
what is the reticular theory
that there is physical connection between synapses
maintain microenvironment and blood brain barrier; construction of new synapses (CNS)
astrocytes
myelin in CNS increase speed of electrical conduction
oligodendrocyte
myelination in PNS
schwann cells
innate immune cells of CNS (become macrophages for dead or dying), secrete cytokines that communicate to other cells
microglial cells
subset of astros, stem cells (self renewal; give rise to all types of tissue)
glial stem cells
line ventricles of CNS; make some CSF (help move csf through ventricles ; transportsvdissolved gases, nutrients)
ependymal cells
specialized ependymal cells found in choroid plexus do what?
make majority of CSF
support cells in PNS (found in dorsal root ganglia)
satellite cells
towards CNS: sensory
afferent
out of CNS: motor
efferent
neuron that projects out to another area
projection neuron
neuron which only projects to specific area (inhibitory)
local neuron
PNS can be divided into
somatic and autonomic
the autonomic NS can be further divided into
sympathetic and parasympathetic
gray matter in CNS
nuclei
gray matter in PNS
ganglion
white matter in CNS
tract
white matter in PNS
nerve
area to which neuron responds (center surround)
receptive field
receptiev fields of higher order neurons have areas of excitation and inhibition (many peripheral neurons converge onto one second order neuron; all info transmitted to high order neuron)
center surround
information is passed on to one of two types of cells; what are they
projection neurons and interneurons
a point to point neural representation of an area of the body
topographic map
each sensory system is organized such that, the ____ receptive surface is preserved from the periphery to the cortex; reflects density and position of receptors
peripheral
in the motor system neurons that regulate particular body parts are also clustered together however motor map does or does nor represent body parts equally?
Do not
information process in the brain is ______
hierarchical
at each level there is ____of information and cells at each level respond only very select information
convergence
sensory and motor activities on one side of the body are mediated by cerebral hemisphere where?
opposite side
