CNS organization Flashcards
the ___ mater has two layers the meningeal layer and endosteal layer; the whole structure itself fused to periosteum
dura
covers brain; contacts epithelial layer of dura mater
arachnoid
attached to brain surface by glial cells called astrocytes
pia mater
dural fold which projects between the cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
dural fold which seperated cerebellum and cerebrum
tentorium cerebelli
dural fold which divides cerebellar hemispheres below the tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
surrounds all exposed surfaces of CNS; cushions delicate neural structures and supports brain
CSF
isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation, keeps out toxins and drugs and hydrophillic substances
blood-brain barrier
neurovascular unit of the blood brain barrier consists of what cells
endothelial cells, pericytes (support endothelial), astrocytes (have tight junctions), microglia
two tight junction proteins
occludins, claudins
pathways across blood brain barrier: paracellular aqueous pathway
only water soluble agents
pathways across blood brain barrier: transcellular lipophilic pathway
lipid soluble pathway (most drugs enter this way)
PNS (senses; skin, muscle and joints, DRG)
somatic division
touch, temp. and pain below the head and neck region are apart of the
somatic (DRG)
craniosacral division in the
parasympathetic
thoracolumbar division in the
sympathetic
CN I
olfactory
CN II
optic
CN III
oculomotor
CN IV
trochlear
CN V
trigeminal
CN VI
abducens
CN VII
facial
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
CN X
vagus
CN XI
accessory
CN XII
hypoglossal
CN I, II enter and exit where
cerebrum
CN III, IV enter and exit where
midbrain
CN 5,6,7,8 exit and enter where
pons
CN 9,10,11,12 exit and enter where
medulla
how many pairs of spinal nerves in humans
31
cervical nerves
C1-8
thoracic nerves
T1-12
Lumbar nerves
L1-5
Sacral nerves
S1-5
the brain stem is comprised of what three divisions of the CNS
medulla
pons
midbrain
brain stem has what functions
preganglionic parasympathetic output
reticular formation (arousal level)
this structure receives somatosensory information from spinal cord and motor information from spinal cord (coordinates movement and posture)
cerebellum
contains two major subdivisions; thalamus and hypothalamus
diencephalon
relay station (integrates motor info from cerebellum and transmits to cerebral hemispheres) does gating and modulatory functions
thalamus
controls a variety of functions by controlling hormonal secretions from pituitary gland (motivational system and circadian rhythm)
hypothalamus
control of fine motor movements
basal ganglia
emotion
amygdala
controls voluntary motor functions
primary motor
conscious awareness of motor functions
primary motor
conscious awareness of sensation
primary sensory
integrate diverse information for purposeful action, secondary and tertiary regions
association areas
