electrical signals Flashcards

1
Q

characterized by temporary change in RMP, strength of it depends on size of stimulus

A

graded potential

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2
Q

stimularion of a neuron reaches a threshold that triggers active transport of ions known as an ___ ____

A

action potential

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3
Q

RMP: actively move ions against gradient; atp dependent

A

pumps

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4
Q

RMP: exchange ions

A

exchanger

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5
Q

RMP: ions to diffuse down concentration gradients when open

A

channels

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6
Q

two major classes of channels

A

leakage and gated

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7
Q

always open; more K+ than Na+ channels
(influx of Na+, efflux of K+)

A

leakage channels

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8
Q

open/closed based on environment

A

gated channels

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9
Q

types of gated channels

A

voltage, ligand, signal, mechanical

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10
Q

more K+ inside and Na+ outside, does what?

A

sets resting membrane potential

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11
Q

RMP results primarily from what three processes

A
  1. diffusion of ions down their conc. gradients (k+ leakage channels)
  2. selective permeability of plasma membrane (3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in)
  3. attraction of cations to anions
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12
Q

gated channel that requires a signal and occurs in cell bodies and dendrites

A

ligand gated

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13
Q

gated channel that requires change in RMP at the initial segment, axon hillock, axon

A

voltage gated

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14
Q

gated channel that is activated by mechanical change and is somatosensory

A

mechanically gated

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15
Q

the magnitude of graded potential can or cannot vary

A

can

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16
Q

this potential spreads passively and is short loved

17
Q

ligand gated channels can be ____ tropic or ___ tropic and are activated by extracellular ligand

A

iono or metabo

18
Q

signal at same time but at different synaptic sites

A

spatial summation

19
Q

signal at time back to back on same synapse

A

temporal summation

20
Q

an action potential is started through what type of channel

A

voltage gated

22
Q

what potential does not decay with distance and magnitude stays the same

23
Q

ap is spread by

A

simple diffusion

24
Q

action potential requires both ___ and ___ current flow

A

active and passive

25
all voltage gated channels open at _____
threshold
26
what ion in action potential has faster reaction time
Na+
27
at ___ mV Na closes and K opens
+35
28
if there was no myelin the axons would be poor conductors and signals would die out why?
current "leaks" out across axon membrane
29
what is the action potential location
axon hillock, axon
30
what is the graded potential location
dendrites, cell body
31
membrane change in graded potential is either what or what
depolarization (excitatory) or hyperpolarization (inhibitory)
32
unmyelinated axons; depolarization/repolarization step-wise and must move down entire membrane
continuous conduction
33
node, internode in myelinated fibers, AP passes down nodes, saves ATP (faster)
saltatory
34
anesthetics: prolongs inactivation of voltage-sensitive Na+ channel (cannot start another action potential): lidocaine
local
35
ketamine is similiar size to magnesium block in NMDA channel and blocks flow
intravenous anesthetics