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molecular and cellular neuroscience > nociception > Flashcards

nociception Flashcards

1
Q

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with potential tissue damage

A

pain

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2
Q

transduction process of pain

A

nociception

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3
Q

specialized bare nerve endings

A

nociceptors

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4
Q

3 classes of nociceptors

A

high threshold mechanical, thermal or polymodal

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5
Q

nociceptors which respond directly to noxious tactile stimulo, mediate sharp pricking pain; thinly myelinated

A

high threshold mechanical

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6
Q

nociceptors which sense noxious temp. changes

A

thermal

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7
Q

nociceptors which respond indirectly to injury by means of chemicals released from traumatized tissue; slow burning pain

A

polymodal

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8
Q

mechanical receptors are also activated by painful stimulus; carried by what type of fibers (not actually pain just a warning)

A

A alpha and A beta

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9
Q

fast pain uses what fibers and feels like?

A

a delta fibers and sharp, pricking pain

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10
Q

slow (chronic) pain uses what fibers and feels like

A

C fibers (polymodal receptors); burning, throbbing and aching

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11
Q

channels which respond to noxious heat or chemicals

A

TRP- channel

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12
Q

channels which respond to noxious cold

A

TRPA1

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13
Q

channel which responds to mechanical and some chem. stimuli

A

epithelium Na channel

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14
Q

receptors which respond to P2X (purines, usually ATP)

A

purinergic receptor

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15
Q

The TRP channels are permeable to what ions and are polymodal

A

Ca/Na

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16
Q

the TRP are activated by ____ and ____; temp. above 45

A

vanilloids (pepper) and protons

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17
Q

the thermo-TRPs channels are all ____ sensitive and have different ranges and thresholds

A

temp.

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18
Q

The ENaC channel is acid sensitive and gated by ___

A

protons

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19
Q

the P2X receptors are ___ gated and have binding site at N-terminus and in lysines

A

ATP

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20
Q

____ nociceptors are regulated by their environment (tissue damage results in inflammation)

A

polymodal

21
Q

increased response to a painful stimulus

A

hyperalgesia

22
Q

stimulus that was not painful before injury but now is

A

allodynia

23
Q

primary hyperlagesia

A

pain confined to a region of skin that was intially damaged

24
Q

secondary hyperalgesia

A

site becomes hypersensitive to stimuli, increased pain sens. of region surrounding

25
Q

nociceptors can react with any number of cells such as

A

injured epithelial, immune cells, neuropeptides, mast cells, glial cells

26
Q

many of the peripheral mechanisms for inducing primary hyperalgesia ___ regulate pain receptors

A

indirectly

27
Q

pain receptors activated in primary hyperalgesia

A

bradykinin and NGF

28
Q

nociception signaling (1°): the bradykinin receptor is released by macrophages and mast cells and activates G-protein which acrivates

A

phospholipase C, PIP2, IP3 and DAG; calcium is released and it activates protein kinase C —> depolarizes cell

29
Q

nociception signaling (1°): protoglandins E2 binds to its receptor and binds to Gs which activates

A

adenyl cyclase and cAMP –> protein kinase a —> TTX resistant Na channel (blocks poisons) Na rushes in

30
Q

nociception signaling (1°): ATP binds to P2X and increases what ion release

A

Na+ and Ca2+ or second messenger GPCR

31
Q

nociception signaling (1°) : ADP binds to ___

A

P2Y

32
Q

nociception signaling (1°) : adenosine binds to ___ ___

A

adenosine receptors

33
Q

produce mediators that sensitize nociceptors

A

immune cells

34
Q

2 mechanisms by which secondary hyperalgesia occurs (in spinal cord)

A
  1. increase activation of astrocytes
  2. activates of NMDA glutamate receptor
35
Q

NMDA glutamate actiavtes has both short term and long term effect on pain neurons in

A

spinal cord

36
Q

Wide dynamic range neurons recieve innervation from both ___ and ___ sensory neurons

A

pain and mechanoreceptive

37
Q

the WDR neurons are excited by C fibers but inhibited by ___

A

mechanoreceptive fibers

38
Q

the WDR neurons are responsive to what somatosensory modalities

A

thermal, chemical, mechanical

39
Q

the first central mechanism activates astrocytes and infiltration of ____ cells to secrete cytokines and growth factors

A

immune

40
Q

DRG afferents (a delta and C) send axons into ___ spinal cord

A

dorsal

41
Q

a delta fibers make synapses in dorsal horn and _____ in spinal cord

A

decussate

42
Q

C fibers in spinal cord ___ and move up and down spinal cord

A

bifurcate (lissauers tract)

43
Q

a delta fibers move in rexeds laminae __ and __

A

I and V

44
Q

C fibers move in rexeds laminae __ and __

A

I and II

45
Q

tract which mediates sensory discriminative information (location, quality and location)

A

spinothalamic tract

46
Q

second order neurons in spinothalamic tract project to ___ of thalamus

A

VPL

47
Q

nociception remains seperate from mechano and proprioceptive info up to __

A

S1

48
Q

affective motivation (second pain) pathway in anterolateral conveys motivation aspects such as

A

fear, anxiety, autonomic activation

49
Q
A

molecular and cellular neuroscience (16 decks)

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