olfactory and gustation Flashcards
the olfactory epithelium contains ___ and cilia
neurons
airborne odorants bind to cilia where ____ are
receptors
the nerves travel through ____ ___ to olfactory bulb
cribiform plate
the ___ patterns within respiratory and gustatory differ between the two (Cell types)
expression
the ____ cells in olfactory epithelium will replace the neurons in the cilia (unique for turnover)
basal
the odorant receptors have __ transmembrane domains, are highly conserved, and G protein coupled
7
receptor cell specificity: the odorants is encoded by at least 1000 smell genes but each receptor cell expresses ____ type of odorant receptor (either maternal or paternal)
one
each odor molecules can bind to ____ proteins
several
neurons express ___ receptor type but that receptor can bind _____ odorants
one; several
___ envoke large inward current when applied to the cilia (important that its at cillia)
odorants
odorants in the mucus bind direcrly to the receptor or are shuttled to the receptoe by _____ ____ protein
odorant binding protein
receptor binds G protein; ADP bound alpha subunit
ADP to ATP
alpha subunit dissociates and activated adenylyl cyclase which increase _____; binds PKA (Regulates gene expression) then binds cAMP gated channels to realse
cAMP; Ca
when Ca enters cell from cAMP activation it activates what
calmodulin (Cl- in; Ca out)
PKA regulates ______ type of expression, it binds to CREB and then CREB will bind to response elements in DNA
mono allilic
the olfactory neuron projections go to _____ which contain axons and dendrites from mitral cells (make synpases here)
glomeruli
the mitral cells send their dendrites to _____ glomerulus only but each gloumerulus contains dendrites from several mitral cells
single
what are the olfactory bulb targets
pyriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, entorhinal cortex
olfactory bulb ___ is proportional to the number of olfactory neurons
size
responds to phermones; contains 2 classes of VMO receptor neurons and projects to accessory olfactory bulb
vomeronasal organ
the subtypes of VMO receptors are V1R and V2R they activate _____ in distinct way
TRP2
no taste buds
filifrom papillae
the fungiform pupillae are innervated by
CN7
within the taste bud there is ___ which contains receptors
microvilli
the taste cells are polarized epithelial cells seperated by ___ ___
gap junctions
within the taste cells there are voltage regulated __ ___ and ___ channels
Na, K and Ca
the volatage gated channels in the taste cells mediate release of _____
neurotransmitters
the salt changes membrane potential through ENAC channel which opens ___ channels and depolarize
Na
sour tastants are transduced by non selective proton sensitive channel and ___ causes depolarization
H+
the sweet taste GPRC receptors are called
T1R2 and T1R3
receptor cells are tuned tp respond to single taste
labeled line
the front of the tongue is innervated by
facial nerve
the back of the tongue is innervated by
glossopharyngeal nerve
