Symptoms in pharmacy skin Flashcards
Atopic eczema
- Itchy skin condition in children
- Rash flaky and inflammed
Contact demititis
- Particularly on hands
- Concider patient history
- Nappy rash is an example of contact dermitits
- Metal and latex allergy
Treatment for ezcema
Emollients
- Sooth the skin by forming a waterproof barrier
- Prevents drying and can be applied as a soap in baths
Treatment for ezcema
Topical cortisteroids
- Hydrocortisone 1% available as a P medicine
- More potent cortisteroids are available apply thin layer
- Decrease inflammation
When to refer ezcema
- Infected rashes and weeping from rashes
- Adverse drug reaction to medication
- > 1 week useage of corticosteroid
- Concider meningitis
Seborrhoeic dermatits
- Effect sebaceous gland rich reign of the skin
- Dandruff is uninflammed form of sebrrhoeic dermititis
- Scaly patch tipically do not itch
- Cradle cap in babies
Treatment for Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Keratolytics such as salicyclic acid
- Antifungals
- Infant shampoo baby or olive oil
Psoriasis
- Inflammed skin topped with silvery white plaques
- Possibly caused by immune system
Treatment for psoriaisis
- Emolliments
- Coal tar preperation
- Dithranol/Salicyclic acid
- Topical corticosteroids
- Phototherapy
Ringworm
- Fungal infection that presents as a circular rash
- Spread from person to person or animal contact
- Of scalp referal immediately
Fungal nail infection
- Must be refered as patient usually requires a system of antibiotics
Athlete’s foot
- Fungal infection spread from person to person via towel share or contact
Treatment for Ringworm
- First line of treatment is imidazoles such as micanazole cream (Daktarin)
Treatment for althletes foot
- Terbinafine ( an allylamine) and sometimes use miconazole
- Powder or spay formulations
When do you refer ringworm or athletes foot
- Failure of treatment >3 weeks
- Bacterial infection
- Diabetic patients
- Involvement of the nail
Cold sores Herpis labialis
- Skin infection around the lips and nose caused by herpes simplex virus
Triggers for cold sores
- Sunlight
- Other infections
- Menstral cycle
Treatment for cold sores
- Aciclovir treatment with OTC 5% cream aly 5 times a day for 5 days
- Apply early for prevention
Red dlags of when to refer cold sore
- If present on eyes or genitals
- Age of patient
- Painless in mouth lasting > 2 weeks
- Immunocomprimised
Warts and verrucas
- Small growths on skin caused by HPV are a network of inflammed capillaries
- Peaks for children aged in secondary school
- Plantar warts on the sole of the foot
Treatment options for warts and veruccas
- Keratolytics such as salicyclic acid destroys effected area
- Formulation must only be applied on the area
- Sucessful treatment takes > 3 months
- Cryotherapy - freeze off the wart in 10-14 days
When do you refer Veruccas or warts
A - Asymmetrical
B - Boder of melanoma is ragged
C - Coulours >2
D - Diameter as most melenomas are >6mm
E - Evolving which change in shape
Diabetic and immunocomprimised
In children and treatment failed
Acne
- Hair follicles and sebaceous glands are blocked
- Mostly effects teenagers
- Can get comedones (white or black heads) and nodules to severe
Mild and moderate acne treatments
- Benzoyl peroxide is first line of treatment 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% start with low
- Treatment lasts for 6-8 weeks
- Antibiotics and retinoids are POM need referral
- Sunlight helps and avoid greasy foundation
When do you refer acne
- After treatment failure
- Severe acne
- Causing mental health issues
- ADR response to med
Scabies
- Intensely itchy condition caused by a mite that burrows under the skin causing a rash to form
- Usually seen on the psalms of hands and passed through personal contact
- Can be up to 2 months till symptoms appear
Treatment for scabies
- Topical Permethrin 5% cream apply cool skin
- Wash off after 8-12 hrs
- 8 weeks for rash to disapper
- Other hosehold members should be treated alongside and treatment can worsen itch origninally
When do you refer the patient if they have scabies
- Young children and elderly if outbreak is suspected
- Crusted scabies
- Infected rashes
- Treatment failure
- Contracted through sexual activity
Communicable diseases
Shingles
- Seen in older patients
- If there is fever or malaise then it could be a communicable disease
- Refferal if possibible bacterial infection especially if patient is diabetic
Red flags for skin conditions
- Possible skin cancer
- Possible meningitis
- Possible erythroderma
- Bullous disorders
