Routes of Administration - EENT

Question 1

Sinisitis

Answer 1

• Inflammed with obstructed sinus opening
• fluid filled

Question 2

What does local delivert target?

Answer 2

Allergic rhinitis, congestion, infection

Question 3

Systemic absorption

Answer 3

Migraine, diabetes insipidus, prostate cancer, endometriosis, osteoporosis, nicotine

Question 4

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Answer 4

• Vacular network formed by a five arteries that supply oxygened blood to the nasal septum

Question 5

Respiratory epithelium

Answer 5

• Columnar cells (ciliated or non-ciliated)
• Goblet cells
• Basal cells

Question 6

Mucus

Answer 6

• From serous glands and goblet cells
• Form viscous gels due to high molecular weight mucins and ability to form disulphide bridges
• Function: clearance and air conditioning

Question 7

Steroid nasal sprays

Answer 7

• Decrease inflammation

Question 8

Alpha-adrenergic agonist and antihistamine

Answer 8

• Used as a decongestant

Question 9

Saline

Answer 9

• A more ‘natural’ remedy to treat blocked noses

Question 10

Menthol nasal spray

Answer 10

• Provide short-term relief from the discomfort of nasal congestion

Question 11

Intranasal peptides

Desmopressin

Answer 11

Control increased thirst and too much urination

Question 12

Intranasal peptides

Buserelin

Answer 12

treat hormone-responsive cancers (prostate cancer, premenopausal breast cancer)

Question 13

Intranasal peptides

Nafarelin

Answer 13

treat symptoms of endometriosis (pelvic pain, menstrual cramps, painful intercourse)

Question 14

Treatment for sore throats

Answer 14

Benzydamine exerts an anti-inflammatory and analgesic action by stabilising the cellular membrane and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Question 15

Tonsilitis

Answer 15

• Give Difflam or Strepsils

Question 16

Oral thrush

Answer 16

• White patches when the mouth is red inside
• When white patches are wiped off they leave red spot that can bleed
• Use Daktarin for treatment

Question 17

Mouth ulcer

Answer 17

• Red/yellow sores inside the mouth or on the cheaks and it appears on the tongue
• Use bonjela for treatment

Question 18

Contents of Bonjela

Answer 18

Cetalkonium chloride, an antiseptic which helps to fight infections
Choline salicylate, for relief from pain and inflammation

Question 19

Blocked ear infection (Otitis)

Answer 19

• Wax shed skin and pus formed
• Narrowing of ear canal from inflammation
• Otex, ovlive oil ear drops and almond oil

Question 20

OTC ear drops for excessive ear wax

Answer 20

• Drop 3-4 times daily for 3-5 day initially
• refer to routine clinic if there is difficulty removing wax after olive oil
• Uncertainty abot tymphatic membrane

Question 21

Alcohol and acetic acid solutions

Answer 21

To prevent swimmer’s ears

Question 22

Anaesthetics

Answer 22

To help numb ear pain

Question 23

Corticosteroid

Answer 23

Drops to reduce ear inflammation

Question 24

How to use ear drops correctly

Answer 24

• Lay on folded towel with the affected ear up
• Gently pull the earlobe up and straighten auditory tube
• Adminster recommended number of drops into ear canal
• Gently push ear flap to encourage liquid in your ear
• Stay for 2 minutes

Question 25

Conjunctivitis

Answer 25

- Red and pink eye

Question 26

Mild eye conditions

Answer 26

- Dry eyes - Conjunctivitis

Question 27

Serious eye conditions

Answer 27

- Glaucoma - Cataracts - Macular degeneration - Vision Loss

Question 28

Artificial tears

Answer 28

- Carboxymethylcellulose - Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - Castor oil/mineral oil

Question 29

Antibiotic eye drops

Answer 29

- Chloramphenicol - Fusidic acid - Levofloxacin

Question 30

Corticosteroid eye drops

Answer 30

- Atropine - Cyclopentolate - Homatropine - Tropicamide - Phenylephrine

Question 31

Glaucoma eye drops

Answer 31

Prostaglandins – Latanoprost, Beta-blockers Agonists – Brimonidine, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 32

Administration of eye drops

Answer 32

- Use eye drops first then wait 5 mins to use eye ointment - Check for expiry date on the eye ointment and wash hands before opening tube - Lie down or tilt head bck - pull lower eyelid downwards use other hand with ointment and squeeze down into the eye - Close your eye for a moment then blink for a few times and spread ointment around inside of eye