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Anatomy > Sympathetic Nervous System > Flashcards

Sympathetic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the initial pathway for sympathetic preganglionic axons in all regions of the body?

A

ventral root to the spinal nerve, to ramus comminocans, to the sympathetic trunk

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2
Q

What communicans contain myelinated preganglionic axons?

A

T1-L4

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3
Q

What rami communicans contain non-myelinated postganglionic axons?

A

all of them

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4
Q

Where do the ganglia reside?

A

close to the vertebral column, not the dorsal root ganglia in the intervertebral foramina

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5
Q

Where are the paravertebral ganglia located?

A

in the sympathetic trunk

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6
Q

What are the prevertebral ganglia?

A

left celiac ganglion, cranial mesenteric ganglion, renal and gonadal ganglia, and caudal mesenteric ganglion

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7
Q

What is the general effector organ response for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

preparation for emergency/stress

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8
Q

Is the sympathetic nervous system localized or widespread?

A

widespread

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9
Q

Does the sympathetic nervous system have a short or long duration of responses?

A

long and sustained

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10
Q

Do the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system have limited or extensive branching?

A

extensive

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11
Q

What are the regions of sympathetic innervation?

A

head region, thoracic region, abdominal region, pelvic region, and the body wall

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12
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic fibers of the head region synapse with?

A

the cranial cervical ganglion

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13
Q

Generally, what is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the head region?

A

they move to some local nerve that can reach salivary glands, nasal glands, and smooth muscle such as vascular walls, gland of nictitating membrane, dilator pupillae, and erector pili by direct contact to target’s component

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14
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic fibers to the eye region?

A

the first thoracic spinal roots

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15
Q

What ganglion does the preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse with to the eye region?

A

the cranial cervical ganglion

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16
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the eye region?

A

they reach the trigeminal nerve via interna carotid distribution, then travel with the opthalmic branch to the nasociliary nerve to the communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion which they DO NOT SYNAPSE WITH then to their target organs

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17
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic pathway?

A

pupillary dilator muscle, eyelides, and orbicularis muscle

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18
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the lacrimal and nasal glands?

A

the first thoracic ventral spinal roots

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19
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the lacrimal and nasal glands synapse with?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

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20
Q

What is the postganglionic pathway of the sympathetic fibers to the lacrimal and nasal glands?

A

they go from the carotid plexus to the trigeminal ganglion to the opthalmic, to the lacrimal nerve of the opthalmic, to the zygomaticofacial or zygomaticotemporal nerve to the deep petrosal to the major petrosal to the nerve of the parotid canal through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing and to the lacrimal and nasal glands

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21
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

the first thoracic ventral spinal roots

22
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

23
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

sympathetic fibers leave via the carotid artery plexus to the trigeminal ganglion ( without synapsing) to the mandibular to the lingual ganglion (without synapsing) to their target organs

24
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the parotid and buccal salivary glands?

A

first thoracic ventral spinal roots

25
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the parotid and buccal salivary glands synapse with?

A

the cranial cervical ganglion

26
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the parotid and buccal salivary glands?

A

they follow the maxillary artery to the infraorbital artery or possibly the trigeminal ganglion to the mandibular to the auriculotemporal nerve

27
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the zygomatic salivary glands?

A

first thoracic ventral spinal roots

28
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the zygomatic salivary glands synapse with?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

29
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the zygomatic salivary gland?

A

follow the maxillary artery to the paroti artery or the trigeminal ganglion to the mandiular nerve to the buccal nerve

30
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the larynx, pharynx, and thyroid?

A

first thoracic ventral spinal roots

31
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the larynx, pharynx, and thyroid synapse with?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

32
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the larynx, pharynx and thyroid?

A

join the vagus and glossopharyngeal to their target organs

33
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the neck region?

A

first thoracic ventral spinal roots

34
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the neck region synapse with?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

35
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the neck region?

A

from the vertebral nerve and exits to nerves to target organs

36
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the neck region?

A

erector pili, vasoconstrictor muscle of arteries in skin of neck area

37
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the thoracic region?

A

mid thoracic segments; T5-T8

38
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the thoracic region synapse with?

A

cervicothoracic ganglion and middle cervical ganglion

39
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the thoracic region?

A

branches from the ansa subclavia to the target organs

40
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the thoracic region?

A

heart, bronchiole smooth muscle, and blood vessel smooth muscle

41
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the abdominal region?

A

Thoracic and lumbar segments; T7- L3/4

42
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the abdominal region synapse with?

A

prevertebral ganglia within plexuses: celiac, cranial and caudal mesenteric, gonadal, renal, and adrenal medulla

43
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the abdominal region?

A

nerve plexuses in abdominal vessels

44
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the abdominal region?

A

alimentary smooth muscles and glands, liver, pancreas, and blood vessel smooth muscles

45
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the pelvic region?

A

lumbar segments L1-L3

46
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the pelvic region synapse with?

A

caudal mesenteric ganglion and some with the pelvic ganglia

47
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the pelvic region?

A

hypogastric nerves to the pelvic plesus and the pelvic plecus branches to the pelvic viscera

48
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the pelvic region?

A

pelvic viscera smooth muscle and glands; recto/anal/urino/genital and blood vessel smooth muscles

49
Q

What is the origin of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the body-wall region?

A

entire thoraco-lumbar region; T1-L4

50
Q

What ganglion do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the body-wall region synapse with?

A

sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia

51
Q

What is the postganglionic sympathetic pathway to the body-wall region?

A

rami communicans to the spinal nerves, dorsal or ventral primary branches of the spinal nerves

52
Q

What are the target organs of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the body-wall region?

A

arrector pili smooth muscle, sweat glands, blood vessel smooth muscle

Anatomy (27 decks)

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