Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 1

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 1

cardiac and smooth muscle of the viscera and glands

Question 2

What is the general effector organ response for the parasympathetic system?

Answer 2

conservation/restoration

Question 3

Is the parasympathetic system more localized or widespread?

Answer 3

localized

Question 4

Is the duration of the parasympathetic system short or sustained?

Answer 4

short

Question 5

What is the preganglionic fiber origin of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 5

CN III, IV, IX, X and spinal nerves S2-S4

Question 6

Where is the location of the ganglia in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 6

in or near effector organs

Question 7

Is the branching of the parasympathetic system limited or extensive?

Answer 7

limited

Question 8

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the sphincter of the iris and what ganglion do they synapse with?

Answer 8

the neurons leave CN III through the orbital fissure, follow it to the ciliary ganglion and synapse with it

Question 9

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the sphincter of the iris?

Answer 9

it follows the short ciliary nerve to the sphincter of the iris

Question 10

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the mandibular gland and the sublingual gland?

Answer 10

exits the skull through the acoustic meatus with CN VII, through the facial canal, with the chorda tympani nerve, across the tympanic cavity, to the lingual branch of the mandibular nerve

Question 11

What ganglion does the parasympathetic fibers to the mandibular gland and the sublingual gland synapse with?

Answer 11

mandibular for the mandibular

sublingual for the sublingual

Question 12

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the mandibular gland?

Answer 12

follows the mandibular of the trigeminal to the mandibular gland

Question 13

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the sublingual gland?

Answer 13

follows the sublingual of the mandibular nerve to the sublingual gland

Question 14

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal and palatine/nasal glands and what ganglion do they synapse with?

Answer 14

Fibers arise in the medulla, exit the skull through the internal acoustic meatus, through the facial canal, leave on the major petrosal nerve of the facial, into the orbit on the pterygoid canal nerve and synapsses with the pterygoid ganglion

Question 15

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 15

follow the lacrimal nerve of the opthalmic branch to the lacrimal gland

Question 16

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the nasal glands?

Answer 16

follow the zygomaticotemporal of the maxillary to the palatine/nasal glands

Question 17

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the zygomatic , buccal, and parotid gland and what ganglion do they synapse with?

Answer 17

Exits the skull through the jugular foramen, leaves on the tympanic nerve of the mandibular into the tympanic cavity, through the tympanic plexus, and leaves as the minor petrosal nerve of the glossopharyngeal to the otic ganglion

Question 18

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the zygomatic, parotid and buccal salivary glands?

Answer 18

the fibers join auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular to the parotid, zygomatic, and buccal salivary glands

Question 19

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the smooth muscles and glands in the wall of the larynx, pharynx, trachea, and esophagus and what ganglion do they synapse with?

Answer 19

Fibers exit the skull through the jugular foramen, track in the vagus to branch nerves to their target organ and synapse with the ganglion within the target organs

Question 20

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the smooth muscles and glands in the wall of the larynx, pharynx, trachea, and esophagus?

Answer 20

fibers go into target tissue from intra-tissue ganglion and go to target organs

Question 21

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the thoracic organs, vessels and airways and what ganglion do they synapse with?

Answer 21

Fibers exit the skull through the jugular foramen, travel on the vagus nerve into the thorax, near the middle cervical ganglion the right vagus gives off right lateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, the left vagus nerve gives off the left recurrent laryngeal at the ligamentum arteriosum, cardiac branches, branches to lungs, courses onto the esophagus, both sides divide into dorsal and ventral vagal trunks, numerous plexi along this course and synapse with the ganglion in the organ wall of the target organ

Question 22

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the thoracic organs, vessels, and airways?

Answer 22

after synapsing with the ganglion in the target organs, the postganglionic fibers innervate their target organ

Question 23

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the GI tract, liver, kidneys, and other abdominal organs?

Answer 23

Fibers from the vagal trunks along the esophagus pass through the diaphragm and course along various abdominal vascular structures of visceral targets to the level of about the transverse colon, discrete nerves less likely caudal to the diaphragm, plexuses and mixed SPNS

Question 24

What ganglion do the preganlgionic parasympathetic fibers of the GI tract, liver, kidneys, and other abdominal organs?

Answer 24

the ganglion within the target organs, NOT the prevertebral ganglion

Question 25

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the GI tract, liver, kidneys, and other abdominal organs?

Answer 25

after synapsing with the ganglion in the target organs, the postganglionic fibers innervate their target organ

Question 26

What is the preganglionic parasympathetic pathway to the pelvic region?

Answer 26

the fibers leave from the S1-S3 to combine to one or more pelvic nerve to the lateral pelvic walll, and branch out into the pelvic plexus to GI, urinary, and genital structures

Question 27

What ganglion do the pelvic region preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse with?

Answer 27

some in the pelvic plexus but typically in the target organ

Question 28

What is the postganglionic parasympathetic pathway of the to the pelvic region?

Answer 28

the fibers are either in the target organ or a short distance outside of the organ