Nerve supply to the pelvic limb Flashcards
Where do the nerves of the pelvic limb originate from?
the lumbosacral plexus
Where does the lumbosacral plexus sit?
it lies medial to the wing of the ilium and ventral to the sacrum
What are the flexors of the hip and extensors of the stifle?
iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, sartorius
What are the extensors of the hip and flexors of the stifle?
gluteal and hamstring muscles
What are the adductors?
the adductor, gracilis, pectineus, obturator, and sartorius
What are the flexors of the hock and extensors of the digits (group name)?
the craniolateral group muscles
What are the craniolateral group muscles?
tibialis cranialis, long digital extensor, peroneus longus, lateral digital extensor, peroneus brevis, short digital extensor
What are the extensors of the hock and flexors of the digits (group name)?
caudomedial group muscles
What are the caudomedial group muscles?
gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, popliteus
What is the largest nerve in the body?
the ischiatic nerve
What are the roots of the ischiatic nerve?
L6-S1
What does the ischiatic nerve supply?
the hamstring muscles, and outward rotators of the thigh
What are the hamstring muscles?
the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, tenuissimus
What are the outward rotators of the thigh?
gemelli, internal obturator, quadratus femoris
What does the ischiatic nerve do below the stifle?
divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves
What do the common fibular nerves supply?
the flexors of the hock on the craniolateral crus and pes
What is the course of the common fibular nerve?
passes lateral to the lateral head of gastrocnemius and into the space between the peroneus longus and lateral digital extensor over the head of the fibula
What does the common fibular nerve do at the level of the head of the fibula?
splits into the superficial and deep fibular nerve
What is the course of the fibular nerve and what does it supply?
runs distally with the cranial tibial artery under the long digital extensor to supply most of the muscles on the dorsolateral aspect of the leg
What can cause injury to the common fibular nerve?
prolonged lateral recumbency can compress it
What muscles are affected by fibular nerve injury?
the flexors of the hock and extensors of the digits
What are symptoms of fibular nerve injury?
loss of sensation to the craniolateral aspect of the leg and dorsal aspect of the pes, the inability to flex the hock and extend the digits; they knuckle over
What reflex test can be used to determine if the fibular nerve is damaged?
the cranial tibial reflex test
What is the origin and insertion of the tibialis cranialis?
origin: lateral condyle of the tibia
insertion: II metatarsal
What does the tibial nerve supply?
the extensors of the hock and flexors of the digit (caudomedial group muscles) and the skin on the plantar pes
What is the course of the tibial nerve?
it runs between the two heads of gastrocnemius caudal to the stifle then distal on the caudal surface of the lateral head of the deep digital flexor through the tarsal canal to the pex
What happens when the tibial nerve is damaged?
there is a dropped hock, and the patient is unable to bear weight on the hock, there is also a sensory deficit on the caudal aspect of the leg and foot
What reflex tests are used to determine if the tibial nerve is injured?
gastrocnemius tendon reflex, extensor thrust reflex