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Anatomy > Exam 3 - Blood supply to the Thorax, Neck, and Head > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Blood supply to the Thorax, Neck, and Head Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest artery of the body?

A

the aorta

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2
Q

Where does the aorta arise from?

A

the left ventricle

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3
Q

What are the parts of the aorta?

A

aortic bulb, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

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4
Q

Where does the aorta begin and end?

A

the left ventricle to the diaphragm

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5
Q

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

A

paired coronary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, esophageal and bronchial arteries, dorsal intercostal arteries, costo-abdominal artery

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6
Q

Where do the paired coronary arteries arise from?

A

within the aortic sinus

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7
Q

What do the paired coronary sinuses supply?

A

the heart musculature

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8
Q

What are the repercussions of a coronary artery block?

A

it could be fatal because the heart would not be supplied with blood

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9
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

circumflex artery, deep septal branch, paraconal interventricular artery

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10
Q

Where is the circumflex artery located?

A

lies in the coronary groove

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11
Q

What does the circumflex artery give off branches to?

A

the left atrium and auricle

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12
Q

What do the descending branches of the circumflex artery supply?

A

the wall of the left ventricle

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13
Q

When does circumflex artery become the subsinusoidal interventricular artery?

A

after giving off the left marginal branch

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14
Q

Where is the paraconal interventricular artery?

A

in the paraconal interventricular groove

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15
Q

What does the paraconal interventricular artery supply?

A

both ventricles and the apex of the heart

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16
Q

When does the paraconal interventricular artery terminate?

A

after passing along the ventral border of the right ventricle

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17
Q

Where is the right coronary artery located?

A

in the coronary groove

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18
Q

Where does the right coronary artery give branches off to?

A

the right atrium and the auricle

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19
Q

What do the descending branches of the right coronary artery supply?

A

the wall of the right ventricle

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20
Q

Where are the terminal branches of the right coronary artery?

A

on the right side, at the level of the terminal branches of the circumflex artery

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21
Q

What is the first branch of the aortic arch?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

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22
Q

Is the brachiocephalic trunk paired or unpaired?

A

unpaired

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23
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk course?

A

slightly to the right side underneath the trachea within the cranial mediastinum

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24
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

left and right common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery

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25
What do the left and right common carotid arteries supply?
the head and the neck
26
Where do the left and the right common carotid arteries course?
along the dorsolateral aspect of the trachea along the vagosympathetic trunk
27
What are the left and right common carotid arteries enclosed in?
the carotid sheath
28
What are the branches of the common carotid arteries?
caudal thyroid artery, cranial thyroid artery, internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery
29
Where is the caudal thyroid artery given off of the common carotid arteries?
at the thoracic inlet
30
Where is the cranial thyroid artery given off of the common carotid arteries?
at the level of the thyroid gland or the larynx
31
What do the thyroid arteries supply?
the trachea, esophagus, and regional lymph nodes
32
Where does the common carotid artery divide into the internal and external carotid?
at the level of the basihyoid
33
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
the deep structures f the cranium and brain
34
Where does the internal carotid artery run?
craniodorsally towards the tympano-occipital fissure
35
Explain the course of the internal carotid artery up until its anastamosis with the ascending pharyngeal artery.
It goes into the jugular foramen through the carotid canal out of the internal carotid foramen and back into the internal carotid foramen to create a loop (the loop is what anastamoses)
36
What is the function of the loop created by the internal carotid artery?
to reduce rapid inflow of blood into the brain
37
Where is the carotid sinus located?
at the origin of the internal carotid branch
38
What does the carotid sinus contain?
special sensory neurons, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors
39
What is different about the internal carotid artery in the cat?
it degenerates and is represented as a ligament, however the intracranial part that anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal artery persists the carotid sinus is also not present
40
What does the external carotid artery supply?
the superficial and deep structures of the head
41
What is carotid trifurcation?
where the occipital artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery arise in the same spot on the external carotid; common in cats
42
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
occipital artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, caudal auricular artery, superficial temporal artery
43
What does the occipital artery supply?
the muscles of the atlanto-occipital joint, retropharyngeal lymph node, and the meninges (via the caudal meningeal artery)
44
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
the muscles of the pharynx, the larynx, and the soft palate
45
What is the largest branch of the external carotid artery?
the lingual artery
46
What does the lingual artery supply?
the tongue, soft palate, and tonsils
47
Where does the facial artery arise?
at the angle of the mandible
48
What does the facial artery supply?
the cheek and lips after passing ventral to the masseter (supplies it too)
49
What does the caudal auricular artery supply and where is it located?
on the caudal aspect of the external ear and supplies the external ear
50
What does the superficial temporal artery supply and where is it located?
on the cranial aspect of the external ear and supplies the dorsolateral structures of the head region
51
When does the external carotid artery become the maxillary artery?
when it gives off the caudal auricular artery and the superficial temporal artery
52
Where does the maxillary artery course?
lateral to the tympanic bulla
53
What are the branches of the maxillary artery?
caudal deep temporal artery, mandibulo-alveolar branch, middle meningeal artery, rostral deep temporal artery, external opthalmic artery
54
What does the caudal deep temporal artery supply?
the temporalis and the masseter
55
Where is the mandibulo-alveolar branch given off?
at the level of the retro-articular process of the temporal bone
56
How does the mandibulo-alveolar branch supply the molar teeth?
passes through the mandibular foramen, courses into the mandibular canal
57
When the mandibulo-alveolar branch exits the mandibular canal, what does it exit as and what does it supply?
exits as the mental arteries to supply the chin and the lower lip
58
Before the mandibulo-alveolar branch enters the mandibular foramen, what does it do?
gives off branches to the pterygoideus muscle
59
What does the middle meningeal artery supply and how does it get there?
supplies the brain and the meninges after it passes through the oval foramen
60
After giving off what branches does the maxillary go through the alar canal?
caudal deep temporal artery, mandibulo-alveolar branch, and middle meningeal artery
61
What does the rostral deep temporal artery supply?
the temporalis muscle
62
What does the external ophthalmic artery supply?
the structures of the orbit and the eyelids
63
What arteries does the external ophthalmic artery give off?
the ethmoidal arteries which pass through the ethmoidal foramen
64
When does the maxillary artery become the infraorbital artery?
after giving off the external ophthalmic artery and going through the infraorbital canal
65
Before entering the infraorbital canal, what does the maxillary artery give off?
branches to the pterygoideus, temporalis, palate, nasal mucousa, and the cheek
66
Where are the esophageal and bronchial arteries given off at?
the ventral aspect of the thoracic aorta
67
What do the dorsal intercostal arteries supply?
the dorsal 2/3 aspect of the thorax and the epaxial muscles
68
What does the ventral branch of the intercostal arteries anastamose with?
the ventral intercostal arteries
69
What does the costo-abdominal artery supply?
the lumbocostal arch which is the caudal border of the last rib
70
What does the left subclavian artery arise from?
the aortic arch
71
Where does the left subclavian artery course?
dorsolateral to the esophagus
72
What do the subclavian arteries and their branches supply?
the neck region, the brain, thoracic limbs, and the ventrolateral aspect of the thorax
73
What are the branches of the subclavian?
vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery
74
Where is the branch of the vertebral artery located?
close to the medial surface of the head of the first rib and lateral to the longus colli muscle
75
Where does the vertebral artery course?
cranially between the transverse processes for the 7th and 6th cervical vertebrae and the passes through the transverse foramen of all cervical vertebrae
76
What does the vertebral artery supply?
the epaxial and hypaxial neck muscles, spinal cord, and the meninges
77
What does the vertebral artery do at C1?
enters the foramen magnum and contributes to the formation of the ventral spinal artery and the basilar artery
78
Where does the costocervical trunk course?
caudo-dorsally from the subclavian
79
What does the costocervical trunk divide into?
the dorsal scapular, the deep cervical, and the thoracic vertebral branches
80
What does the costocervical trunk supply?
the dorsal aspect of the pectoral girdle, the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb, hypaxial and epaxial muscles of the cervico-thoracic junction of the vertebral column and the first three intercostal spaces as the first three dorsal intercostal arteries
81
Where does the superficial cervical artery branch off at?
the thoracic inlet
82
What does the superficial cervical artery supply?
the superficial structures around the base of the neck and the cranial aspect of the scapular region; brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, superficial cervical lymph nodes
83
What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery?
phrenicopericardiac artery, ventral intercostal arteries
84
What do the ventral intercostal arteries supply?
the ventral 1/3 of the wall of the thoracic cavity, pectoral muscles and cranial three pairs of the mammary glands
85
What do the ventral intercostal arteries anastamose with?
the dorsal intercostal arteries
86
What does the internal thoracic artery terminate as?
the musculophrenic artery and the cranial epigastric artery
87
What does the cranial epigastric artery branch off into?
the superficial and the deep cranial epigastric artery?
88
What do the superficial epigastric arteries supply?
the mammary glands
89
What do the deep epigastric arteries course and supply?
the floor of the abdomen and supplies the rectus abdominis muscle
90
After giving off what branches does the subclavian become the axillary artery?
vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery

Anatomy (27 decks)

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