Exam 3 - Lymphatic System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

to drain the leftover lymph that the blood vessels did not

Question 2

What are the two components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

the cellular component and the vascular component

Question 3

What are the types of cells in the cellular component of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

fixed cells and mobile cells

Question 4

Where are the fixed cells of the lymphatic system located?

Answer 4

thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, diffused lymphatic tissue of intestines and other viscera

Question 5

What are the types of mobile cells in the lymphatic system?

Answer 5

lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells

Question 6

How does lymph move into the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 6

by the pressure created by skeletal muscle contraction around the lymph vessels

Question 7

What does not have lymphatic tissue?

Answer 7

bone, cartilage, and epithelium

Question 8

How does lymph gain access to into general circulation?

Answer 8

by suction effect of venous return in the cranial vena cava

Question 9

What prevents retrograde flow?

Answer 9

valves within the lymphatic vessels

Question 10

What is a primary lymph nodule?

Answer 10

a lymphocyte accumulation in the form of spherical lymphoid colonies in lamina propria of the mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract under normal physiological condition

Question 11

What is a secondary lymph node?

Answer 11

characterized by reaction centers; upon exposure to an immunogen or a foreign substance

Question 12

What are the lymphatic organs?

Answer 12

spleen, thymus, hemal nodes, lymph nodes, and tonsils

Question 13

What is a lymph center/regional lymph node?

Answer 13

a lymph node or group of lymph noes that receive lymph from an organ or a region that they occur in

Question 14

What is edema caused by?

Answer 14

improper lymph drainage leading to infection or inflammation of the organ

Question 15

What are the regional lymph nodes of the head?

Answer 15

parotid lymph node, mandibular lymph node, buccal lymph node, lateral retropharyngeal lymph node, medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Question 16

Where is the parotid lymph node located?

Answer 16

at the cranial border of the parotid salivary gland a the base of the external ear; caudal to the masseter

Question 17

What does the parotid lymph node drain lymph from?

Answer 17

the dorsal half of the head, eye, ear, nasal cavity, and associated muscles

Question 18

Where is/are the mandibular lymph nodes located?

Answer 18

at the angle of the mandibule ventro-cranial to the mandibular salivary gland on either side of the facial vein; adjacent to the ventral border of the masseter

Question 19

What is the function of the mandibular lymph node?

Answer 19

drains lymph from the lower jaw, the tongue and associated muscles, the oral cavity and the muscles of mastication

Question 20

What lymph node is always seen in cats but rarely seen in dogs?

Answer 20

the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node

Question 21

What does the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node drain from?

Answer 21

the dorsal aspect of the neck, ear, eyelids, and salivary glands

Question 22

Where is the medial retropharyngeal lymph node located?

Answer 22

behind the parotid salivary gland and dorsomedial to the mandibular salivary gland

Question 23

Where is the medial retropharyngeal lymph node palpated at?

Answer 23

ventrolateral to the wing of the atlas

Question 24

What are the regional lymph nodes of the neck region?

Answer 24

deep cervical lymph node, superficial cervical lymph node

Question 25

Where is the superficial cervical lymph node located?

Answer 25

at the cranial border of the scapula in a triangular space between the omotransversarius, the trapezius, and the brachiocephalicus

Question 26

What does the superficial cervical lymph node drain?

Answer 26

superficial neck region at the dorsal aspect of the pectoral girdle

Question 27

What does the right efferent duct drain into?

Answer 27

the right tracheal trunk to form the right lymphatic duct

Question 28

What does the left efferent duct drain into?

Answer 28

the thoracic duct

Question 29

What are the regional lymph nodes of the thorax?

Answer 29

dorsal thoracic lymph node, ventral thoracic lymph nodes, cranial mediastinal lymph node, bronchial and tracheal lymph nodes

Question 30

Where is the caudal sternal lymph node located if present?

Answer 30

at the apex of the pericardium

Question 31

Where is the cranial sternal lymph node located?

Answer 31

at the 2nd interchondral space, ventrolateral to the internal thoracic artery or vein

Question 32

What does the cranial sternal lymph node drain from?

Answer 32

the lateral wall and floor of the thorax from the abdominal floor to the right lymphatic duct

Question 33

Where is the cranial mediastinal lymph node located?

Answer 33

by the brachiocephalic trunk located near the base of the heart at the junction of the great blood vessels, esophagus, and trachea

Question 34

What does the cranial mediastinal lymph node drain from?

Answer 34

the cranial mediastinum and thoracic inlet

Question 35

What does the cranial medialstinal lymph node drain into?

Answer 35

thoracic duct or left tracheal lymph duct

Question 36

Where are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes located?

Answer 36

at the bifurcation of the trachea; often seen at the junction of the left bronchus, thoracic aorta and the esophagus

Question 37

Where does the tracheobronchial lymph node drain lymph from?

Answer 37

the cranial mediastinum and thoracic inlet

Question 38

What does the tracheobronchial lymph node drain into?

Answer 38

the thoracic duct of left tracheal lymph duct

Question 39

Where are the axillary lymph nodes located?

Answer 39

between the brachial plexus and blood vessels

Question 40

Where does the axillary lymph node drain from?

Answer 40

the thoracic limbs, thoracic girdle, first 3 pairs of the mammary glands

Question 41

Where are the lumbar aortic lymph lodes located?

Answer 41

in between the abdominal aorta and the caudal vena cava

Question 42

What does the lumbar aortic lymph node drain lymph from?

Answer 42

the verterbral column

Question 43

What does the lumbar aortic lymph node drain into?

Answer 43

the thoracic duct via the lumbar lymphatic duct

Question 44

Where are the renal lymph nodes located?

Answer 44

between the renal artery and vein

Question 45

Where do the renal lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 45

the thoracic duct

Question 46

What lymph nodes are included in the celiac lymph center?

Answer 46

the gastric, hepatic, splenic, and pancreatiocoduodenal

Question 47

What does the celiac lymph center drain into?

Answer 47

the cisterna chyli

Question 48

What is the cysterna chyli?

Answer 48

the enlarged part of the opening of the thoracic duct

Question 49

What lymph nodes are part of the cranial mesenteric lymph center?

Answer 49

jejunal and colic lymph nodes

Question 50

What does the cranial mesenteric lymph center drain to?

Answer 50

the cisterna chyli

Question 51

Where are the medial iliac lymph nodes located?

Answer 51

between the external iliac and the deep circumflex iliac arteries

Question 52

What does the medial iliac lymph node drain from?

Answer 52

the sublumbar, craniolateral pelvic wall and thigh, the base of the tail and abdominal wall and reproductive region

Question 53

What does the medial iliac lymph node drain into?

Answer 53

the cisterna chyli

Question 54

Where are the internal iliac lymph nodes located?

Answer 54

between the internal iliac and median sacral arteries

Question 55

What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from?

Answer 55

the sublumbar and urogenital organs

Question 56

What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 56

cisterna chyli

Question 57

Where is the popliteal lymph node located?

Answer 57

caudal to the stifle joint in between the tendons of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus

Question 58

Where does the superficial inguinal lymph node lay?

Answer 58

in the fat between the abdominal muscles at the external inguinal ring

Question 59

In the male, where is the superficial inguinal lymph node located?

Answer 59

dorsolateral to the penis at the level of the bulbus glandis

Question 60

What drains into the thoracic duct?

Answer 60

the lymph from the abdomen, pelvis, pelvic limb, and caudal two pairs of the mammary glands

Question 61

When does the thoracic duct become the thoracic duct?

Answer 61

when it goes through the aortic hiatus

Question 62

What drains into the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 62

the head, neck, right thoracic limb, right side of the thoracic mammary glands

Question 63

What are the tracheal trunks?

Answer 63

the efferents from the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Question 64

Where does the left tracheal trunk join?

Answer 64

the thoracic duct

Question 65

Where does the right tracheal trunk join?

Answer 65

the right lymphatic duct

Question 66

What is the right lymphatic duct formed by?

Answer 66

the right tracheal trunk, efferent lymphatics from the right superficial cervical, axillary, and thoracic lymph nodes

Question 67

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

Answer 67

either right subclavian, or the cranial vena cava