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Anatomy > Cranial Nerves: Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves: Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

five

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2
Q

The trigeminal nerve is innervated by what kind of fibers (non specific)?

A

large sensory and small motor component

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3
Q

Where is the nerve trunk of the trigeminal attached?

A

at the junction of the trapezoid body and the pons

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4
Q

Through what does the trigeminal nerve pass through?

A

the trigeminal canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone

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5
Q

What is located in the trigeminal canal?

A

the trigeminal ganglia

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6
Q

What do the trigeminal ganglia contain?

A

general somatic afferent neurons which receive sensory information from the vast area of the head

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7
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalmic branch, mandibular branch, maxillary branch

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8
Q

What type of fibers does the opthalmic branch contain?

A

sensory

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9
Q

What do the sensory fibers of the opthalmic branch supply?

A

the eyelid, eyeball, skin covering the nose, the mucosa covering nasal cavity

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10
Q

What structure does the opthalmic branch go through to leave the cranial cavity?

A

the orbital fissure

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11
Q

What does the opthalmic branch do after it exits the orbital fissure?

A

it divides into three branches

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12
Q

What are the three branches of the opthalmic branch?

A

the frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary

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13
Q

Which is the most dorsally located branch of the opthalmic branch?

A

the frontal nerve

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14
Q

What is the course of the frontal nerve of the opthalmic branch?

A

it courses above the dorsal oblique and dorsal rectus muscles of the eyeball and then reaches the orbital ligament

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15
Q

What does the frontal nerve of the opthalmic branch do when it reaches the orbital ligament?

A

it divides into the supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve

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16
Q

What do the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve supply?

A

the skin on the medial 2/3 of the upper eyelid up to the dorsal midline

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17
Q

Which is the smallest branch of the opthalmic branch?

A

the lacrimal

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18
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve supply?

A

the lacrimal gland

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19
Q

What type of axons does the lacrimal nerve contain?

A

sympathetic post-ganglionic axons

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20
Q

What is the largest of the three branches of the opthalmic branch?

A

the nasociliary

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21
Q

Where is the nasociliary of the opthalmic branch located?

A

deep inside the periorbita over the retractor bulbi muscle

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22
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary branch of the opthalmic?

A

a communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, the ethmoidal nerve, and the infratrochlear nerve

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23
Q

What type of fibers does the communicating branch of the nasociliary branch of the opthalmic carry?

A

GVE

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24
Q

What type of axons does the communicating branch of the nasociliary branch of the opthalmic contain?

A

postganglionic sympathetic axons

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25
Q

Where do the postganglionic sympathetic axons in the communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion go?

A

they pass the ciiliary ganglion to join the short ciliary branches of the oculomotor nerve

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26
Q

Where are the neurons of the communicating branch of the nasociliary nerve located?

A

in the cranial cervical ganglion

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27
Q

How does the communicating branch of the nasociliary nerve reach the opthalmic nerve?

A

via the internal carotid plexus formed at the origin at the internal carotid artery

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28
Q

What does the communicating branch of the nasociliary supply?

A

the smooth muscle cells within the periorbita, the eyelids, and the dilator of the pupil

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29
Q

What type of fibers does the long ciliary nerve of the nasociliary branch carry?

A

GVA, SVA, and SSA

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30
Q

Where do the long ciliary nerves of the nasociliary branch enter the eyeball?

A

dorsomedial to the optic nerve

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31
Q

Where do the GVA fibers of the long ciliary nerves of the nasociliary branch go and do the other fibers follow it?

A

ONLY the GVA branches go to the eyeball including the corneal epitherlium and bulbular conjunctiva

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32
Q

Where does the ethmoidal nerve of the nasociliary branch go and how does it get there?

A

it goes into the nasal cavity through the ethmoidal foramina

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33
Q

What does the ethmoidal nerve of the nasociliary branch supply?

A

the nasal mucosa and courses cranially to supply the external nostrils

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34
Q

Where is the infratrochlear nerve of the nasociliary branch located and how does it course?

A

located ventral to the trochlea of the tendon of the dorsal oblique muscle and becomes subcutaneous at the medial canthus of the eye

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35
Q

What type of fibers does the maxillary branch contain?

A

sensory and autonomic

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36
Q

What do the sensory fibers of the maxillary branch supply?

A

the upper eyelid, nasal mucosa, upper teeth, upper lip and nose

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37
Q

What do the autonomic fibers of the maxillary branch supply?

A

the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands

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38
Q

What structure does the maxillary branch go through to exit the cranial cavity?

A

the round foramen

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39
Q

What structure does the maxillary nerve follow after it leaves the cranial cavity?

A

the maxillary artery

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40
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

the zygomatic nerve, the pterygopalatine nerve, and the infraorbital nerve

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41
Q

Where does the zygomatic nerve detach from the maxillary?

A

at the rostral alar foramen

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42
Q

When the zygomatic nerve detaches from the maxillary, what does it do?

A

divides into the zygomaticotemporal nerve and the zygomaticofacial nerve

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43
Q

What is the course of the zygomaticotemporal of the zygomatic nerve?

A

it courses between the dorsal rectus and the dorsal oblique muscles

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44
Q

Lateral to the orbital ligament, what does the zygomaticotemporal of the zygomatic nerve do?

A

it becomes subcutaneous and innervates the skin of the upper eyelid

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45
Q

What overlaps the zygomaticotemporal of the zygomatic nerve?

A

the frontal nerve and infratrochlear nerve

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46
Q

What type of axons does the zygomaticotemporal nerve of the zygomatic carry and where do they go?

A

postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the pterygopalatine ganglia to the lacrimal gland

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47
Q

What is the course of the zygomaticofacial nerve of the zygomatic?

A

it runs rostrally in the orbit deep to the periorbita and emerges medial ligament

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48
Q

What does the zygomaticofacial nerve of the zygomatic supply?

A

the skin dorsal to the zygomatic arch up to the external ear

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49
Q

What area does the zygomaticofacial nerve of the zygomatic overlap?

A

the area innervated by the branches of the opthalmic nerve

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50
Q

When does the pterygopalatine nerve detach from the maxillary?

A

during its course within the orbit lateral to the pterygoideus muscle

51
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

dorsal to the pterygopalatine nerve of the maxillary

52
Q

What are the branches of the pterygopalatine nerve of the maxillary?

A

minor palatine nerve, major palatine nerve, caudal nasal nerve

53
Q

What does the minor palatine nerve of the ptergopalatine nerve supply?

A

the soft palate

54
Q

What type of axons/fibers does the minor palatine nerve of the pterygopalatine have?

A

GVA, postganglionic parasympathetic axons, and SVA axons

55
Q

What do the GVA fibers of the minor palatine do?

A

provide sensation to the soft palate

56
Q

What do the postganglionic parasympathetic axons of the minor palatine go to?

A

the palatine glands within the soft palate

57
Q

Where are the neurons for the SVA fibers of the minor palatine located?

A

in the geniculate ganglion

58
Q

What do the SVA fibers of the minor palatine for?

A

taste

59
Q

Where does the major palatine nerve detach from the pterygopalatine nerve?

A

distal to the minor palatine nerve

60
Q

What does the major palatine of the pterygopalatine supply?

A

the hard palate

61
Q

The major palatine of the pterygopalatine nerve has what type of fibers (nonspecific)?

A

sensory

62
Q

What is the caudal nasal nerve a continuation of?

A

the pterygopalatine nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa

63
Q

What is the course of the caudal nasal nerve?

A

it moves from the pterygopalatine fossa and enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen

64
Q

What does the caudal nasal nerve supply?

A

sensory innervation to the nasal mucosa of the ventral nasal meatus

65
Q

What type of axons does the caudal nasal nerve contain and what do they supply?

A

postganglionic sympathetic axons; nasal glands

66
Q

What is the infraorbital nerve a continuation of?

A

the maxillary after it gives off the pterygopalatine

67
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve do in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

gives off the caudal superior alveolar branches

68
Q

What do the caudal superior alveolar branches of the infraorbital supply?

A

the caudal upper cheek teeth

69
Q

After giving off the caudal superior alveolar branches, what does the infraorbital nerve do?

A

enters the maxillary foramen and gives off the middle superior alveolar branches

70
Q

What do the middle superior alveolar branches supply?

A

the remaining upper cheek teeth

71
Q

Just before leaving the infraorbital canal, what does the infraorbital nerve do?

A

it gives off the rostral superior alveolar branches

72
Q

What do the rostral superior alveolar branches supply?

A

the upper canine and incisors

73
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve do after it leaves the infraorbital foramen?

A

it divides into a number of branches to supply the skin below the orbit and the upper lip

74
Q

What does damage to the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial of the zygomatic branch cause?

A

lack of a blink response upon touch to this region

75
Q

What does damage to the nasal sensory branches of the maxillary nerve cause?

A

a lack of response to tickling the interior of he nose with a cotton swab or object - the dog should pull their head back

76
Q

What happens if the GVE fibers of the maxillary nerve are affected?

A

they may cause dry eye or a dry nasal cavity

77
Q

What type of fibers does the mandibular nerve have (non specific)?

A

sensory and motor

78
Q

What do the motor components of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

the muscles of mastication

79
Q

What do the sensory components of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

cheek, lower lip, part of the tongue, lower teeth, the floor of the oral cavity, the interosseous part of the external ear canal, the skin of the lower jaw, the skin covering the temporalis and the masseter, the tactile hairs of the cheek, and the external ear

80
Q

What structure does the mandibular nerve go through to exit the cranial cavity?

A

the oval foramen

81
Q

What branches does the mandibular nerve give off after exiting through the oval foramen?

A

the masticator nerve, lateral and medial pterygoid nerve, tensor tympani nerve, tensor veli palatini, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, and lingual nerve

82
Q

What type of fibers does the masticator nerve of the mandibular nerve have (nonspecific)?

A

motor fibers

83
Q

What does the masticator nerve of the mandibular supply?

A

rostral belly of the digastricus muscle to open the mouth

84
Q

The masticator nerve of the mandibular has two branches, what are they?

A

masseteric nerve branch and deep temporal nerve

85
Q

What does the masseteric nerve branch of the masticator nerve supply?

A

the masseter

86
Q

What does the deep temporal nerve of the masticator nerve supply?

A

the temporalis muscle to close the mouth

87
Q

What type of fibers does the lateral and medial pterygoid nerve have (nonspecific)?

A

motor

88
Q

What do the lateral and medial pterygoid nerves of the mandibular supply?

A

the pterygoideus

89
Q

What type of fibers does the tensor tympani nerve have (nonspecific)?

A

motor

90
Q

What does the tensor tympani nerve of the mandibular supply?

A

the tensor tympani muscle of the malleus

91
Q

How does the tensor tympani muscle respond to loud noises?

A

it contracts to tighten the tympanic membrane and prevents a big bang from the malleus

92
Q

What type of fibers does the tensor veli palatini of the mandibular have (nonspecific)?

A

motor

93
Q

What do the tensor veli palatini of the mandibular nerve supply?

A

the thin muscle of the soft palate

94
Q

What does the tensor veli palatini muscle do?

A

controls the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube to maintain air pressure in the middle ear cavity

95
Q

What type of fibers does the buccal nerve of the mandibular have (nonspecific)?

A

sensory

96
Q

What does the buccal nerve of the mandibular innervate?

A

the mucosa of the cheek

97
Q

What is the course of the buccal nerve of the mandibular?

A

it crosses the pterygoid, then crosses the rostral border of the masseter, it then enters the cheek lateral to the zygomatic salivary gland

98
Q

Where can the buccal nerve of the mandibular be seen?

A

where the deep and facial veins meet

99
Q

Where is the auriculotemporal nerve (sensory) branch off from the mandibular?

A

at the level of the oval foramen

100
Q

What is the course of the auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular?

A

it passes caudal to the temporomandiular joint, and emerges between the auricular cartilage of the ear and the masseter

101
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular do when it is between the auricular cartilage of the ear and the masseter?

A

it gives off the external acoustic meatus nerve, postganglionic parasympathetic axons, rostral auricular nerves, and transverse facial branch

102
Q

What does the external acoustic meatus nerve of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

sensory fibers to the skin of the external acoustic meatus close to the tympanic membrane and the membrane itself

103
Q

What does the postganglionic parasympathetic axons of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

the parotid salivary gland

104
Q

What do the rostral auricular nerves of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

the external ear, the skin over the temporalis and the zygomatic arch

105
Q

What does the transverse facial branch of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

sensory innervation to the to the tactile hairs of the cheeks and the skin over the masseter

106
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve arise?

A

on the lateral aspect of the medial pterygoid muscle

107
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve do before it enters the mandibular foramen?

A

it gives off the mylohyoid nerve

108
Q

What does the mylohyoid nerve of the inferior alveolar nerve supply?

A

the mylohyoid muscle

109
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular do after it enters the mandibular foramen?

A

it passes through the mandibular canal and supplies the lower cheek

110
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve do after it exits the mental foramina?

A

it exits as the mental nerves (sensory) to the lower lip and to the rostral intermandibular region

111
Q

What does the lingual nerve of the mandibular supply?

A

sensory fibers to the rostral 2/3 of the mucous membrane of the tongue

112
Q

What sensations do the sensory fibers of the lingual nerve convey?

A

tactile, noxious, and thermal sensations

113
Q

What does the lingual nerve of the mandibular receive?

A

the chorda tympani nerve

114
Q

What type of fibers does the chorda tympani nerve contain?

A

SVA, GVE (preganglionic parasympathetic axons)

115
Q

What do the SVA fibers of the chorda tympani nerve do?

A

convey taste impulses from the fungiform papillae

116
Q

What do the GVE fibers of the chorda tympani nerve do?

A

they go to the salivary gland

117
Q

What does the lingual nerve do after it receives the chorda tympani nerve?

A

it crosses the pterygoid muscles and gives off branches to the buccal mucosa and then passes between the styloglossus and mylohyoideus muscles

118
Q

What does the lingual nerve of the mandibular do when it passes between the styloglossus and mylohyoideus muscles?

A

gives off GVE fibers to the mandibular ganglion

119
Q

What does the lingual nerve of the mandibular do at the base of the tongue?

A

it gives off the sublingual nerve

120
Q

What does the sublingual nerve innervate?

A

the sublingual mucosa and gives off GVE fibers to the sublingual salivary glands

121
Q

What does damage to the motor fibers of the masticatory muscles cause?

A

atrophy of the affected muscles, prominent temporal fossa and zygomatic arch; if bilateral injury it will cause a dropped lower jaw

122
Q

What does damage to the mandibular nerve cause? (secondary)

A

sunken eyeballs

123
Q

What does damage to the sensory components of the mandibular nerve cause?

A

skin over and below the zygomatic arch, the mandible and mucosa lose sensory components and no tooth ache

Anatomy (27 decks)

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