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Anatomy > Cranial Nerves - Vagus > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves - Vagus Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

A

the 10th

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2
Q

What type of fibers does the vagus nerve have?

A

GVA, GVE, GSE, SVA, GSA

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3
Q

What do the GVA, GVE, GSE fibers go to?

A

palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen

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4
Q

What do the SVA axons innervate?

A

taste from the epiglottis

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5
Q

What do the GSA fibers come from?

A

the skin of the external ear canal

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6
Q

Where are the nuclei of the efferent axons of the vagus nerve located?

A

the medulla oblongata

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7
Q

What do the GSE fibers arise from?

A

the nucleus ambiguus

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the GVE (parasympathetic preganglionic) fibers located?

A

parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus

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9
Q

What is the course of the preganglionic axons (GVE)?

A

they follow the course of the vagus nerve

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10
Q

What do the preganglionic axons supply?

A

cardiac muscle and smooth muscle and glands of the digestive tract as far caudally as the left colic flexure

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11
Q

Where is the vagus nerve attached to the medulla?

A

close to the roots of the glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial roots of the accessory nerves

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12
Q

At the level of the jugular foramen, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

it gives off the auricular branch

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13
Q

What is the course of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve and what does it join?

A

it runs through the petrous part of the temporal bone and joins the facial nerve in the facial canal from the inner auricular nerve

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14
Q

Within the tympano-occipital fissure, what is associated with the intitial part of the vagus nerve?

A

the proximal vagal ganglion and the distal vagal ganglion (nodose ganglion)

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15
Q

Where is the proximal vagal ganglion located?

A

in the jugular foramen

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16
Q

What type of fibers is in the proximal vagal ganglion?

A

sensory neurons of the auricular branch (GSA)

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17
Q

Where is the nodose ganglion located?

A

near the tympano-occipital fissure ventromedial to the tympanic bulla

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18
Q

What type of fibers are in the nodose ganglion?

A

sensory neurons whose axon terminals have nociceptors in the viscera

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19
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the visceral afferents located?

A

in the nodose ganglion

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20
Q

After giving off the auricular branch, what does the vagus nerve give off?

A

pharyngeal branches

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21
Q

What do the pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve join?

A

the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the pharyngeal plexus

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22
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve innervate?

A

the pharyngeal muscles and the cranial part of the esophagus

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23
Q

What does the cranial cervical ganglion send to the pharyngeal plexus?

A

postganglionic sympathetic axons

24
Q

At the level of the distal ganglion, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

it gives off the cranial laryngeal nerve

25
Q

What is the course of the cranial laryngeal nerve and what does it do?

A

it passes ventral to the larynx and divides into the external branch and the internal branch

26
Q

What fibers are in the external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve?

A

GSE, GVA

27
Q

What do the GSE fibers of the external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

the cricothyroideus muscle

28
Q

What do the GVA fibers of the external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve innervate and what is it important in?

A

the pharyngeal mucosa - essential to close the eglottis when food or water enter the oropharynx

29
Q

What type of fibers are in the internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve?

A

GVA, SVA

30
Q

What do the GVA fibers of the internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

the laryngeal mucosa

31
Q

What doe the SVA fibers of the internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

taste buds located in the epiglottis

32
Q

How are the internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve and the caudal recurrent laryngeal nerve associated?

A

the internal branch has a communicating branch to the caudal recurrent laryngeal nerve to supply the laryngeal mucosa; cough reflex

33
Q

What happens after the vagus nerve gives off the cranial laryngeal nerve?

A

it receives the sympathetic trunk from the cranial cervical ganglion and becomes the vagosympathetic trunk

34
Q

Where does the vagosympathetic trunk course?

A

caudally in the neck within the carotid sheath along with the common carotid artery

35
Q

When does the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk separate?

A

at the level of the thoracic inlet

36
Q

When the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk separate, what happens to the vagus nerve?

A

it receives another sympathetic trunk from the cervico-thoracic ganglia via the ansa subclavia and courses towards the heart

37
Q

When do the 2nd sympathetic trunk and the vagus nerve separate?

A

at the base of the heart

38
Q

What does the second sympathetic trunk innervate?

A

the heart and the smooth muscles of the greater blood vessels at the base of the heart

39
Q

After separating from the second sympathetic trunk, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

gives off cardiac branches

40
Q

What type of fibers does the cardiac branches have?

A

GVE, GVA

41
Q

What do the preganglionic parasympathetic GVE fibers supply?

A

the heart musculaure

42
Q

What do the GVA fibers of the cardiac branches form?

A

baroreceptors and chemo receptors of the aortic arch, and stretch receptors off the cranial and caudal vena cava

43
Q

After giving off the cardiac branches, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

gives off the recurrent caudal laryngeal nerves

44
Q

When is the recurrent caudal laryngeal nerve called the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

in the thorax and the neck

45
Q

When is the recurrent caudal laryngeal nerve called the caudal laryngeal nerve?

A

when it reaches the larynx

46
Q

What is the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

around the ligamentum arteriosum and the aorta and then runs cranially along the trachea and gives off branches to the esophagus

47
Q

What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

all of the muscles of the larynx except the left cricothyroideus muscle

48
Q

What is the course of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

it courses around the right subclavian artery and passes cranially along the trachea

49
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

the esophagus, all of the muscles of the larynx on the right side except the cricothyroideus

50
Q

What is laryngeal hemiplegia?

A

atrophy of the cricoarytnoideus dorsalis fails to abduct the vocal cord during respiration; honking

51
Q

After giving off the recurrent laryngeal nerve, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

sends autonomic fibers (preganglionic parasympathetic axons) to the smooth muscles of the bronchi and abdominal viscera and GVA to these organs

52
Q

At the hilus of the lung, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

gives off branches to the bronchi

53
Q

What type of fibers are in the branches to the bronchi that the vagus nerve gives off and what do they supply?

A

GVE fibers to the smooth muscles around the bronchi

54
Q

After giving off branches to the bronchi, what does the vagus nerve do?

A

the left and right vagus nerve divide into dorsal and ventral vagal branches and course along the dorsal and ventral surface of the esophagus as dorsal and vagal trunks and follow it into the abdomen

55
Q

In the abdomen, what is the course of the vagus nerve

A

It follows the course of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries to supply the viscera of the abdomen

Anatomy (27 decks)

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