Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the outermost layer of the scrotum?
A
skin
2
Q
Tunica dartos
A
the smooth muscle surrounding the scrotum
3
Q
Where is the tunica dartos located?
A
directly underneath the skin of the scrotum
4
Q
What is the external spermatic fascia continuous with?
A
the external abdominal oblique
5
Q
Where is the external spermatic fascia located?
A
underneath the tunica dartos
6
Q
What is the internal spermatic fascia continuous with?
A
the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominus
7
Q
Where is the internal spermatic fascia located?
A
underneath the external spermatic fascia
8
Q
What is the parietal vaginal tunic?
A
the serous membrane lining the scrotum
9
Q
Where is the parietal vaginal tunic?
A
underneath the internal spermatic fascia
10
Q
What is the vaginal cavity?
A
the space in between the scrotum and the organs
specifically the space in between the parietal and visceral vaginal tunics
11
Q
What is the visceral vaginal tunic?
A
the serous membrane covering the organs
12
Q
What is the tunica albuginea (of the scrotum)?
A
the tough connective tissue of the testis
13
Q
What lines the tunica albuginea?
A
the visceral vaginal tunic
14
Q
What is the scrotal septum?
A
the division of the scrotum into two cavities
15
Q
What is the cremaster an extension of?
A
the internal abdominal oblique
16
Q
Where is the cremaster located in relation to the testes?
A
dorsally
17
Q
What does the cremaster line?
A
the exterior of the inguinal canal/vaginal canal
18
Q
What are the parts of the epididymis?
A
Head, body, tail
19
Q
Where is the head of the epididymis located?
A
at the cranial pole of the testes where it is firmly attached
20
Q
Where is sperm stored?
A
In the head of the epididymis
21
Q
What is the body of the epididymis connected to?
A
the head and the tail of the epididymis
22
Q
What is the body of the epididymis attached to?
A
firmly on the medial surface of the testes
23
Q
Where is the tail of the epididymis located?
A
at the caudal pole of the testes where it is firmly attached
24
Q
What is the testicular bursa?
A
the space in between the epididymis and the testes on the lateral side
25
What side of the testis is the ligament of the tail of epididymis located on?
the medial side
26
What does the ligament of the tail of epididymis connect?
the epididymis and the scrotum
27
What side of the testis is the proper ligament of the testis located on?
the medial side
28
What does the proper ligament of the testis connect to?
the epididymis and the testis
29
How does the sperm travel in the scrotum?
from (cranial to caudal) the head of the epididymis to the body of the epididymis to the tail of the epididymis then cranially via the ductus deferens
30
What are the structures that make up the spermatic cord?
testicular artery and vein, mesoductus deferens, mesofuniculus, ductus deferens
31
What surrounds the testicular artery and vein?
mesorchium
32
What type of material is the mesorchium and the mesoductus deferens?
connective serous membrane - mesentery
33
What surrounds the ductus deferens?
the mesoductus deferens
34
What is the mesofuniculus?
where the mesoductus deferens and the mesorchium meet
35
What are the structures of the inguinal canal?
vaginal ring, vaginal canal, internal abdominal oblique, inguinal canal, external abdominal oblique
36
What forms the vaginal canal?
a layer of peritoneum that lines the inguinal canal
37
What is the vaginal ring?
the opening of the vaginal canal
38
What makes the internal inguinal ring?
the internal abdominal oblique
39
Where is the inguinal canal located?
from the internal inguinal rim to the external inguinal rim
40
What makes the external inguinal ring?
the external abdominal oblique
41
Where are the testes located when a male is born?
in the abdominal canal
42
Where is the gubernaculum attached?
the caudal pole of the testes and the tail of the epididymis
43
How does the gubernaculum function?
it swells and shortens to pull the testicle through the vaginal ring and the vaginal canal, as it dries, it shortens some more and pulls it entirely into the scrotum
44
What do the remnants of the gubernaculum become?
the ligament of the tail of the epididymis and the proper ligament of the testis
45
What is the ampulla?
the thickened area of the ductus deferens
46
In the dog, what is the prostate characterized?
bilobed, can be palpated rectally
47
What is the disseminate?
the glandular tissue scattered around the urethra
48
Where does the disseminate extend in the cat?
from the prostate to the bulbourethral glands
49
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
along the ischial arch
50
What is the colliculus seminalis?
a mound located underneath the trigone of the bladder where the openings of the ductus deferens are
51
How is the prostate positioned in respect to the urethra in the dog?
it entirely surrounds the urethra
52
How is the prostate positioned in respect to the urethra in the cat?
it only partially covers the urethra
53
What direction does the penis of the cat normally point?
caudally
54
What direction does the penis of the cat point during coitus?
cranially
55
What direction does the penis of the dog point?
cranially
56
What are the portions of the urethra in a male dog?
pelvic and penile
57
What are the parts of the penis?
root, body, and gland
58
What are the parts of the root of the penis?
bulb, crura, tunica albuginea
59
Where is the bulb located in the root of the penis?
medially
60
What are the parts of the bulb of the penis?
bulbospongiousus, retractor penis, corpus spongiosum
61
What does the bulbospongiosus cover?
the bulb of the root, the vascular tissue that is important for an erection
62
What is the retractor penis?
a paired muscle that runs over the bulbospongiosus
63
Where does the retractor penis connect?
the anus
64
What type of muscle is the retractor penis?
smooth and skeletal muscle
65
Where does the corpus spongiosum begin and end?
it starts out separately on the lateral side of the bulbospongiousus and joins together to continue on the entire length of the penis
66
What does the corpus spongiosum cover?
the urethra for the extent of the penile urethra
67
Where is the crura located?
dorsal to the bulb of the penis and it wings out on both sides laterally
68
What is the ischiocavernosus?
the covering of the crura, covers the vascular tissue important for an erection
69
Where does the ischiocavernosus attach?
tuber ischii
70
What is the corpus cavernosum?
the vascular tissue of the crura
71
True or False: the corpus cavernosum comes together as one structure in carnivores
False; it stays seperate
72
Where does a fracture of the penis commonly occur?
the corpus cavernosum
73
What is the corpus cavernosum attached to?
the os penis
74
Where does the corpus cavernosum end?
at the body of the penis
75
What is the tunica albuginea of the root of the penis?
the connective tissue that covers the corpus cavernosum
76
What is the function of the bulbus glandis?
becomes a knot and is important for tying
77
What part of the penis is the bulbus glandis located?
the body of the penis
78
Where is the glans of the penis located?
on the distal end
79
What is the gland located in the glans?
pars longa glandis
80
What is the os penis?
the bone in the penis
81
What allows the urethra to run through the os penis?
the urethral groove on the ventral side
82
What are the parts of the os penis
base, body, apex
83
What is located at the end of the apex of the os penis?
fibrocartilage
84
What is special about the cat penis of an intact male?
it has spines in it to dig into the tissue of the female to signal ovulation because females are induced ovulators
85
What is the prepuse?
the skin that covers the penis
86
What is the prepusal orifice?
the opening of the prepuce
87
What is the external urethral orifice?
the end of the urethra
88
What is the external lamina?
the ventral skin of the prepuse
89
How do the internal lamina and external lamina function during an erection?
there is a very bad connection between the two that allows the internal lamina to move cranially in front of the external lamina
90
What are the female genital organs?
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vestibule, vulva, and clitorus
91
When is the corpora lutea present?
if the female dog is pregnant
92
What contains the eggs in the ovary?
the follicles
93
What is the ovarian bursa?
the mesentery that covers the ovaries
94
What does the uterine tube look like?
a squiggly line on the outside of the ovarian bursa
95
What is the opening of the uterine tube in the ovarian bursa?
infundibulum
96
What is the infundibulum shaped like?
a funnel
97
What are the fimbriae?
the finger-like projections of the infundibulum that function to catch eggs
98
Where do the fimbriae function?
they project through the opening of the bursa because they are trying to retain where the eggs are going because we want them to go into the uterine tube
99
Where is the abdominal ostium located in the female reproductive system?
in the infundibulum
100
What does the abdominal ostium open into?
the peritoneal cavity
101
Why would there be an opening to the peritoneal cavity in the female reproductive tract?
because when the follicles rupture, during ovulation, they rupture into the peritoneal cavity, the fimbriae then grab them and pull them into the uterine horn
102
What are the parts of the uterus?
right and left horn, body, and cervic
103
What is the internal uterine orifice?
the opening of the cervical canal into the uterus
104
Where is the internal uterine orifice located?
cranially-dorsally
105
What is the external uterine orifice?
the opening of the cervical canal into the vagina
106
Where is the external uterine orifice located?
caudo-ventrally
107
What is the vaginal fornix?
the cranial ventral aspect of the vagina, shaped like an arch
108
What are the boundaries of the central canal?
external uterine orifice and the internal uterine orifice
109
What is zonary placentation?
the little belt that attaches to the uterine horn 360 degrees around
110
What is the broad ligament?
the ligament that suspends the reproductive tract to the dorsal lateral body wall
111
What is the function of the mesovarium?
suspend the ovary
112
What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
the ligament that suspends the ovary and connects it to the diaphragm
113
What is the function of the mesosalpinx?
suspends the uterine tube
114
What does the mesosalpinx create?
the ovarian bursa
115
What is the function of the mesometrium?
suspends the uterus
116
What is located within the mesometrium?
the round ligament of the uterus
117
What is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of?
the females version of the gubernaculum
118
Where does the round ligament of the uterus project?
through the inguinal ring, since it takes perotineum in it goes through the vaginal ring; the perotineum creates the vaginal canal
119
What is the proper ligament of the ovary?
connects the ovary to the uterine horn
120
What is the hymen?
the junction at the caudal 2/3 of the vagina, it is a fold of mucosa
121
What happens normally to the hymen in domestics?
it usually regresses and is not visable
122
What structures are part of the vestibule of the vagina?
vestibular bulb and opening of the urethra
123
What are we supposed to know about the vestibular bulb?
that is has erectile tissue and has constrictor muscles within it that clamp around the bulbus glandus during tying
124
What is the clitoris homologous to in the male?
the penis
125
What is the fossa clitoridis?
the opening of the clitoris
126
Similar do the penis, what parts does the clitoris have deep in the tissue?
body and root
127
What can happen to the clitoris in some females?
it can ossify like the os penis
128
Where is the vagina located in respect to the vulva?
dorsally
129
What are the parts of the vulva?
lateral cutaneous swellings, labia, rima pudenda, comissures
130
Where are the lateral cutaneous swellings located?
on the outer pelvic wall around the vulva
131
True or false: the vaginal recess can extend out to the lateral cutaneous swellings?
true
132
What would the lateral cutaneous swellings develop into in the male?
the scrotum
133
What is the labia?
the outer lips of the vulva
134
What is the rima pudenda?
the opening of the vulva into the vagina
135
What can you see when you open the rima pudenda?
the external urethral opening, vaginal opening, and clitoris
136
What are the commissures?
the corners of the rima pudenda; ventral and dorsal part
137
What is a hooded or recessed vulva?
excess lateral cutaneous swellings that can cause chronic UTIs
138
How do you fix a hooded or recessed vulva?
remove some of the skin at the dorsal aspect
139
How long can a tie last?
10-30 minutes; just leave them alone
140
Where does the penis sit during tying?
in the fornix of the vagina
141
How does sperm get into the uterus during tying?
the external urethral orifice of the male wraps around the os penis to point dorsally and lines up directly with the external uterine orifice of the cervix
142
How many pairs of mamme do bitches typically have?
5
143
How many pairs of mamme do queens typically have?
4
144
What are the 5 mamme called?
Cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, cranial abdominal, caudal abdominal, inguinal
145
Where does the cranial thoracic mammae drain?
into the axillary lymph node
146
Where does the caudal thoracic mamme drain?
into the axillary lymph node
147
Where does the cranial abdominal mamme drain typically and where else can it drain?
into the axillary lymph node but it can drain into the superficial inguinal lymph node
148
Where does the caudal abdominal mamme drain typically and where else can it drain?
into the superficial inguinal lymph node but it can drain into the axillary lymph node
149
Where does the inguinal mamme drain?
drains into the superficial inguinal lymph node
150
What type of glands are the mamme?
modified sweat glands
151
True or false: the papilla has one opening
False: it has multiple and each has its own duct work
152
Explain the structure of the lactiferous sinus system.
opens at the papillary ostium, into the papillary duct, into the papillary part to the glandular part
