sympathetic nervous system Flashcards
alpha1 receptor effects
- smooth muscle contraction
- vasoconstriction
- mydriasis
alpha2receptor effects
- inhibition of neurotransmitter release
- GI relaxation
- inhibition of insulin release
beta1 receptor effects
cardiac effects - positive inotropic, chronotropic
beta2 receptor effects
- vasodilation
- bronchodilation
- uterus relaxation
beta3 receptor effects
lipolysis in fat tissue
types of drugs acting on sympathethic nervous system
- sympathomimetics
- sympathlytics
sympathomimetics cardiovascular effects
- pos chronotropic
- pos inotropic
- vasconstriction
- vasodilation
sympathomimetics GI effects
- smooth muscle relaxation
- GI atony
sympathomimetics resp system
bronchodilation, decr bronchial secretion
sympathomimetics urinary bladder effects
incr sphincter constriction
sympathomimetics eye effects
- mydriasis
- incr in aqueous humour production
nonspecific sympathomimetics
- adrenaline
- noradrenaline
- dopamine
specific sympathomimetics
- dobutamine
- isoproterenol
adrenaline indications
- cardiac stop
- severe bronchodilation
- anaphylaxia
- local vasoconstriction
- incr in duration of local anaesthetics
adrenaline features
- nonspecific
- alpha receptors
- cardiac effect
- arrhytmogenic
- blood pressure
adrenaline dose ca, fe
0.02mg/kg intratracheal IV
noradrenaline indication
hypotension
noradrenaline features
- non specific
- cardiac effect
- blood pressure is significantly increased
dopamine low dose D1 receptors
kidney, 2-5microgram/kg
dopamine medium dose beta1 receptors
heart 5-10microgram/kg
dopamine high dose alpha1 receptors
10-20microgram/kg
dobutamine indications
cardiogenic shock, IV infusion
dobutamine features
- mainly beta1 receptors
- cardiac effect
isoproterenol features
- only beta receptors
- heart and bronchi and muscle vessels
beta2 agonists
- clenbuterole
- salbutamole
- terbutaline
- salmeterole
- isoxsuprine
effects on beta2 receptors
- bronchodilation
- uterus relaxation
beta2 agonists indications
- horse RAO
- feline asthma
- bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
- tracheal hypoplasia
- tracheal collapse
alpha adrenoceptor agonists
- phenylephrine
- xylometazoline
- oxymetazoline
- naphazoline
- tetryzoline
- phenylpropanolamine
- ephedrine
- amphetamine
phenylephrine features
- mainly alpha1 receptors - vasoconstriction
- used rarely
- local and systemic usage
phenylephrine local usage
allergy, cold
phenylephrine systemic usage
hypotension, shock
xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline features
- mainly alpha1 receptors - vasoconstriction
- local usage
phenylpropanolamine features
- mainly alpha1 receptors - urinary bladder sphincter constriction
- per os usage
- side effects
ephedrine features
- nonspecific, direct and indirect effects
- tachyphylaxis
- CNS
- allergy, incontinence
alpha2 agonists
xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, romifidine
types of sympatholytics
- alpha adrenoceptor antagonists
- beta adrenoceptor antagonists
types of alpha adrenoceptor antagonists
- non specific alpha antagonists
- alpha1 antagonists
- alpha2 antagonists
nonspecific alpha antagonists
- phenoxybenzamine - long duration of action
- phentolamine
- tolazoline
alpha1 antagonists
prazosine, doxasozine - urethra spincter relaxation
alpha2 antagonists
atipamezole, yohimbine
nonspecific beta antagonists
-propanolole
-timolole
side effects
specific beta1 antagonists
- metaprolole
- atenolole
