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Pharmacology > glucocorticoids > Flashcards

glucocorticoids Flashcards

1
Q

where are glucocorticoids produced

A

zona fasculata of adrenal cortex

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2
Q

mechanism of action of GCs

A
  • v lipophilic - can penetrate cell membrane

- in nucleus they influence transcription of genes coding inflammatory proteins

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3
Q

GCs effect on gluconeogenesis

A

incr GNG - hyperglyceamia

-proteins and fats -> GNG

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4
Q

how do GCs cause osteoporosis

A

decr Ca absorption, incorporation

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5
Q

how do GCs cause delayed wound healing

A

decr collagen synthesis - dont use during or after surgery

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6
Q

why shouldnt we use GCs for animals under 1 yr

A

can cause decr growth

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7
Q

other pathological effects of GCs

A
  • muscle atrophy, weakness
  • skin thinning, alopecia
  • decr growth
  • polyuria, polydypsea
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8
Q

pharmacological effects of GCs

A
  • antiinflammatory
  • antiallergic
  • immunosuppressive
  • antishock
  • neuroprotective
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9
Q

what do they do to COX enzyme expression

A

decr

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10
Q

what do they do to interleukin expression

A

decr

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11
Q

what happens to TNF and IFN synthesis

A

decr

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12
Q

why are GCs useful in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas

A

apoptosis in lymphocytes - lymphocytopenia

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13
Q

what do they do to neutrophils

A

mobilise them - demargination

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14
Q

what do they do to capillary membrane permeability

A

decr -? enhancing microcirculation

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15
Q

what do high dosages of GCs do to blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

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16
Q

neuroprotective effects of GCs

A

they counteract lipid peroxidation and enhance microcirculation

17
Q

active substances

A
  • Na phosphate
  • Na succinate
  • dipropionate
  • diphenylproprionate
  • acetate
  • acetonide
18
Q

side effects

A
  • HT-HP-adrenal cortex axis inhibiton
  • gastric ulcers
  • hepatopathy
  • pancreatitis
  • glaucoma, cataracts
  • thinning of skin
  • polyuria/polydypsea
  • polyphagia
  • remobilising fats
  • muscle atrophy
  • immunosuppression
19
Q

what does long term usage do to the adrenal cortex

A

it atrophies

20
Q

signs of hepatopathy after GCs

A

ALKP significant incr

21
Q

how do we counteract hepatopathy

A

hepatoprotectives

22
Q

how do we counteract gastric ulcers

A

gastroprotectives

23
Q

is pancreatitis a common side effect of GCs

A

no its quite rare

24
Q

types of systemic usage of GCs

A
  • high dosage once
  • ADT
  • long acting inj
25
Q

what does ADT stand for

A

alternate day therapy

26
Q

what drugs can we use ADT for

A

prednisolone, methylprednisolone

27
Q

how often do we administer for ADT

A

every other day

28
Q

when do we do ADT in dogs

A

mornings

29
Q

when do we do ADT in cats

A

evenings

30
Q

when should we use long acting injections, or depot

A

only if ADT not avaliable

31
Q

recommended order of usage of GCs

A
  • local usage
  • single inj dose
  • asthama, RAO
  • intrarticular
  • ADT
  • depot inj

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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