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Pharmacology > small test 3 > Flashcards

small test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

two methods to examine the effect of analgesics on mice

A
  • tail flick test

- hot plate test

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2
Q

what do you mimic if you give a pain causing substance IP

A

peritonitis

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3
Q

two groups of tranquilisers

A
  • phenothiazine derivatives

- butyrophenones

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4
Q

three groups of sedatohypnotics

A
  • alpha2 agonists
  • benzodiazepines
  • phenobarbital
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5
Q

why is ketamine an exception among anaesthetics

A

it has no muscle relaxation but has analgesia

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6
Q

neuroleptanalgesia, do you get unconsciousness

A

no, not good for surgery

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7
Q

whats ataranalgesia

A

BZD+ ket/ BZD +opioids, less sedation

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8
Q

aims of premedication

A
  • sedation
  • analgesia
  • avoid pre/post narcotic excitation
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9
Q

premedication substances

A
  • alpha2 agonists
  • BZDs
  • butorphanol, buprenorphine
  • cont rate inf ketamine
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10
Q

definitions of epilepsy

A
  • sudden
  • transcient
  • repetitive brain malfunction
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11
Q

treatment for status epilepticus

A
  • diazepam
  • phenobarbital
  • levetiracetam
  • propofol
  • isoflurane
  • ketamine
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12
Q

why is it a good idea to pair morphine with acapromazine

A

bc morphine induces high histamine release which can be counteracted by acepromazine

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13
Q

which species are more sensitive to alpha2 agonists

A

ruminants

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14
Q

what must we be aware of when using acepromazine

A

it can inhibit body temp regulation

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15
Q

why should azaperone only be administered IM

A

it is hypotensive

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16
Q

why shouldnt butyrophenones be used for transport to the slaughterhouse

A

they have a very long WP

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17
Q

phenothiazines sedation

A

++

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18
Q

phenothiazines analgesia

A

-, potentiate other analgesics

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19
Q

phenothiazines administration route

A

IV, IM, PO

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20
Q

phenothiazine derivatives indications

A

sedation, premedication, neuroleptanalgesia

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21
Q

phenothiazine derivatives side effects

A

inhibit vomiting, lowering blood pressure

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22
Q

phenothiazine derivatives contraindications

A

history of seizures,pseudopregnancy, dehydration

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23
Q

butyrophenones sedation

A

++

24
Q

butyrophenones analgesia

A

slight

25
Q

butyrophenones admin route

A

azaperone only IM

26
Q

butyrophenones indications

A

sedation, premedication, neuroleptanalgesia

27
Q

butyrophenones side effects

A

inhibit vomiting, hypotension and hypovoleamia

  • penis prolapse in eq
  • third eyelid prolapse
28
Q

butyrophenones should not be used when

A

not for transport to slaughterhouse

29
Q

alpha2 agonists sedation

A

+++

30
Q

alpha2 agonists analgesia

A

++

31
Q

alpha2 agonists administration

A

iv, im , po - smear onto buccal mucosa of oral cavity

32
Q

how are alpha2 agonists usually used

A

usually in combo, subhypnotic dose xylazine can induce emesis in cats

33
Q

alpha2 agonists side effects

A
  • bradycardia
  • tympanism in ru
  • ileus in eq
  • flatulence in smalls
  • incr blood glucose
34
Q

BZD analgesia

A

-

35
Q

BZD administration

A

diazepam rectally

-midazolam intranasally

36
Q

BZD indications

A
  • antiepileptics
  • reduce pre and post narcotic excitations
  • alprozolam sono and phonophobia
37
Q

why should diazepam be only used for 1-2 days in cats

A

irreversible liver damage

38
Q

BZD side effects

A

diazepam appetite enhancer, weight gain

39
Q

BZD contraindications

A

paradoxical reaction in cats

40
Q

phenobarbital sedation

A

-

41
Q

phenobarbital analgesia

A

-

42
Q

phenobarbital administration

A

orally

43
Q

phenobarbital indication

A

long term epilepsy treatment

44
Q

phenobarbital contraindications

A

enhance its own metabolism and of other drugs - dont use in liver failure patients

45
Q

morphine, fentanyl anaglesic potency

A

1, +++

46
Q

morphine, fentanyl sedation

A

+++

47
Q

tramadol analgesic potency

A

3, +

48
Q

tramadol sedation

A

dose dependant

49
Q

buprenorphine analgesic potency

A

2, ++

50
Q

buprenorphine sedation

A

++

51
Q

butorphanol analgesic potency

A

3, ++

52
Q

butorphanol sedation

A

+

53
Q

in case of fentanyl caused resp depression which drug should be used

A

buprenorphine

54
Q

list the agents not recommended for treatment of epilepsy

A
  • primidone
  • carbamazepine
  • lamotrigine
  • vigabatrin
  • tiagabine
  • oxcarbazepine
  • phenytoin
55
Q

what can subhypnotic doses of xylazine induce in cats

A

emesie

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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