small test 3 Flashcards
two methods to examine the effect of analgesics on mice
- tail flick test
- hot plate test
what do you mimic if you give a pain causing substance IP
peritonitis
two groups of tranquilisers
- phenothiazine derivatives
- butyrophenones
three groups of sedatohypnotics
- alpha2 agonists
- benzodiazepines
- phenobarbital
why is ketamine an exception among anaesthetics
it has no muscle relaxation but has analgesia
neuroleptanalgesia, do you get unconsciousness
no, not good for surgery
whats ataranalgesia
BZD+ ket/ BZD +opioids, less sedation
aims of premedication
- sedation
- analgesia
- avoid pre/post narcotic excitation
premedication substances
- alpha2 agonists
- BZDs
- butorphanol, buprenorphine
- cont rate inf ketamine
definitions of epilepsy
- sudden
- transcient
- repetitive brain malfunction
treatment for status epilepticus
- diazepam
- phenobarbital
- levetiracetam
- propofol
- isoflurane
- ketamine
why is it a good idea to pair morphine with acapromazine
bc morphine induces high histamine release which can be counteracted by acepromazine
which species are more sensitive to alpha2 agonists
ruminants
what must we be aware of when using acepromazine
it can inhibit body temp regulation
why should azaperone only be administered IM
it is hypotensive
why shouldnt butyrophenones be used for transport to the slaughterhouse
they have a very long WP
phenothiazines sedation
++
phenothiazines analgesia
-, potentiate other analgesics
phenothiazines administration route
IV, IM, PO
phenothiazine derivatives indications
sedation, premedication, neuroleptanalgesia
phenothiazine derivatives side effects
inhibit vomiting, lowering blood pressure
phenothiazine derivatives contraindications
history of seizures,pseudopregnancy, dehydration
butyrophenones sedation
++
butyrophenones analgesia
slight
butyrophenones admin route
azaperone only IM
butyrophenones indications
sedation, premedication, neuroleptanalgesia
butyrophenones side effects
inhibit vomiting, hypotension and hypovoleamia
- penis prolapse in eq
- third eyelid prolapse
butyrophenones should not be used when
not for transport to slaughterhouse
alpha2 agonists sedation
+++
alpha2 agonists analgesia
++
alpha2 agonists administration
iv, im , po - smear onto buccal mucosa of oral cavity
how are alpha2 agonists usually used
usually in combo, subhypnotic dose xylazine can induce emesis in cats
alpha2 agonists side effects
- bradycardia
- tympanism in ru
- ileus in eq
- flatulence in smalls
- incr blood glucose
BZD analgesia
-
BZD administration
diazepam rectally
-midazolam intranasally
BZD indications
- antiepileptics
- reduce pre and post narcotic excitations
- alprozolam sono and phonophobia
why should diazepam be only used for 1-2 days in cats
irreversible liver damage
BZD side effects
diazepam appetite enhancer, weight gain
BZD contraindications
paradoxical reaction in cats
phenobarbital sedation
-
phenobarbital analgesia
-
phenobarbital administration
orally
phenobarbital indication
long term epilepsy treatment
phenobarbital contraindications
enhance its own metabolism and of other drugs - dont use in liver failure patients
morphine, fentanyl anaglesic potency
1, +++
morphine, fentanyl sedation
+++
tramadol analgesic potency
3, +
tramadol sedation
dose dependant
buprenorphine analgesic potency
2, ++
buprenorphine sedation
++
butorphanol analgesic potency
3, ++
butorphanol sedation
+
in case of fentanyl caused resp depression which drug should be used
buprenorphine
list the agents not recommended for treatment of epilepsy
- primidone
- carbamazepine
- lamotrigine
- vigabatrin
- tiagabine
- oxcarbazepine
- phenytoin
what can subhypnotic doses of xylazine induce in cats
emesie
