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Pharmacology > small test 4 > Flashcards

small test 4 Flashcards

labs 10+11

1
Q

what is cataracts

A

malformation of lens of the eye

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2
Q

what drugs do we use to treat cataracts

A

with certain antioxidants we can delay but thats all

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3
Q

how can cataracts be a side effect of diabetes mellitus

A

bc of increased glucose the proteins in the lens are glycated

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4
Q

under UV light what colour does an ulcerated cornea have

A

green apple like

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5
Q

why must we see the damage in the surface of the eye before giving GCs

A

they can delay healing and damage cornea

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6
Q

eye ointments features

A
  • present on eye surface for longer periods of time

- they can cause blurred vision bc of their opacity

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7
Q

eye drops features

A

water, tear can wash them out so must reapply

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8
Q

infectious eye diseases

A
  • fe rhinotracheitis - calici and herpes viruses
  • fungal infection in eq
  • canine distemper
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9
Q

when should we use GCs in the eye

A

chronic bacterial conjunctivitis

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10
Q

when shouldnt we use GCs in the eye

A

viral infections - bc they suppress the immune system

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11
Q

options for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

A

mast cell stabilisers
vasoconstriction
antihistamines

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12
Q

mast cell stabilisers that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis

A

sodium chromoglycate
lodoxamide
nedocromil

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13
Q

vasoconstrictors that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis

A

tetryzoline HCl - redness of eye reduced for a while, only treats symptoms

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14
Q

antihistamines that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis

A 
azelastine
olopatadine
epinastine
emedastine
antazoline
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15
Q

which stain should we use on a corneal ulcer

A

fluorescein stain

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16
Q

treatment options for a corneal ulcer

A

AB
NSAIDs
atropine
protease inhibitors

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17
Q

how does atropine help in the case of corneal ulcer

A

cyclospasm is present - cycloplegia helps relieve

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18
Q

should we use GCs in the case of a corneal ulcer

A

no

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19
Q

should we use ointment in the case of a corneal ulcer

A

no ointment

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20
Q

whats an autoserum eyedrop

A

blood sample of patient, centrifuge, keep in fridge and use for eye drops

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21
Q

uveitis cause

A

AB, immunosuppression

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22
Q

the use of a mydriatic like atropine in uveitis

A
  • topically
  • analgesic activity
  • inhibition of synechiae
  • quick degradation in inflammed eye
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23
Q

anti inflammatory drugs for use in uveitis

A

prednisolone

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24
Q

how should we give anti-inflammatories in anterior uveitis

A

topically

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25
Q

how should we give anti inflammatories in panuveitis

A

systemic or subconjunctival

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26
Q

cause for ERU - equine recurrent uveitis

A

immunosuppression

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27
Q

treatment for ERU

A

cyclosporin subconjunctival implant

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28
Q

cause for dry eye syndrome

A

potentiated sulfonamides, viral infection

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29
Q

name of test for dry eye syndrome

A

schirmers test

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30
Q

dry eye syndrome other name

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

31
Q

treatment options for dry eye syndrome

A

immunosuppression
artficial tear
AB topically

32
Q

glaucoma treatment aim

A

intraocular pressure decr

33
Q

two ways to decr intraocular pressure

A

incr outflow of aqueous humour

deccr production of aqueous humour

34
Q

drug groups of incr outflow of aqueous humour

A

parasympathomimetics
sympatholytics
prostaglandin analogues

35
Q

drugs groups to decr production of aqueous humour

A

sympatholytics

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

36
Q

is atropine used in glaucoma

A

no its contraindicated

37
Q

equine medicated feed

A

only drugs with wide TI

vitamins, food additives

38
Q

equine nasogastric tube

A

activated charcoal

can only be used once and cannot be attached

39
Q

equine gel/paste

A

different flavours

deworming agents

40
Q

equine IV injection

A

use jugular vein - over IM

41
Q

IM injection equine

A

not liked bc of abscesses

needs to be given deep into the muscle

42
Q

equine intrauterine tablet

A

not so frequent

used to treat metritis

43
Q

ruminants oral admin

A

drench - liquid drugs, mass medication process

antibiotics prohibited orally as they harm microflora

44
Q

ruminants intraruminal device

A

bolus
doesnt give orally
modified release substances
rumen v sensitive

45
Q

ruminants pour on

A

like spot on

antiparasitic agents

46
Q

ruminants intrauterine tablets

A

used frequently post partum to prevent mastitis

47
Q

intravaginal drug delivery system

A

oestrous synchronisation - progesterone

48
Q

ruminants intramammary infusion

A

milking/dry cows
bismuth salts
antiseptics for mastitis

49
Q

swine IM injection

A

not into femoral muscles - into neck, bc of discolouration

50
Q

swine SC inj

A

behind ear

51
Q

swine spray

A

antiparasitic agents

52
Q

swine nasal drip

A

in case of piglets

53
Q

poultry medicated feed

A

no the best idea
they tend to sort their food
mass treatment

54
Q

poultry medicated water

A

mass treatment

55
Q

poultry tube

A

dont use in treatment
mainly in experiments
individual treatment

56
Q

poultry spraying

A

fumigation more frequent
vaccines given like this
external antiparasitics

57
Q

IM inj poultry

A

pectoral muscles

not recommended in meat producing animals, for breeding, laying can use

58
Q

IV inj poultry

A

wing veins

59
Q

fumigation/ vapours poultry

A

for vaccination eg newcastle disease

60
Q

dog cat external treatment

A

shampoo, spray, spot on

61
Q

dog cat internal treatment types

A

enteral
parenteral
inhalation

62
Q

birds treatment is it individual

A

yes

63
Q

what to take into consideration when treating birds

A

stress sensitivity

injuries, fragile bones

64
Q

reptiles, amphibians treatment is it individual

A

yes

65
Q

reptiles, amphibians things to consider when treating

A

poikilothermic animals

renal portal system

66
Q

fishes treatment

A

group medication - individual

water- feed

67
Q

how do we admin drugs individually to fish

A

intracoelomically

68
Q

honey bee medication type

A

group

69
Q

honey bee external treatment methods

A

spraying
evaporating
smoking

70
Q

honey bee internal treatment methods

A

enteral - sugar pie, sugar syrup
fumigation
fogger

71
Q

external drug admin to farm animals without fixation

A

dustbag, dusting gate
footbath
spraying

72
Q

external drug admin to farm animals with fixation

A

dipping
pour on
impregnated ear tag

73
Q

internal drug admin to farm animals without fixation

A

medicated feed
medicated drinking water
salty blocks

74
Q

internal drug admin to farm animals with fixation

A

drench
mass vaccination
fumigation, vapours

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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