small test 4 Flashcards
labs 10+11
what is cataracts
malformation of lens of the eye
what drugs do we use to treat cataracts
with certain antioxidants we can delay but thats all
how can cataracts be a side effect of diabetes mellitus
bc of increased glucose the proteins in the lens are glycated
under UV light what colour does an ulcerated cornea have
green apple like
why must we see the damage in the surface of the eye before giving GCs
they can delay healing and damage cornea
eye ointments features
- present on eye surface for longer periods of time
- they can cause blurred vision bc of their opacity
eye drops features
water, tear can wash them out so must reapply
infectious eye diseases
- fe rhinotracheitis - calici and herpes viruses
- fungal infection in eq
- canine distemper
when should we use GCs in the eye
chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
when shouldnt we use GCs in the eye
viral infections - bc they suppress the immune system
options for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
mast cell stabilisers
vasoconstriction
antihistamines
mast cell stabilisers that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis
sodium chromoglycate
lodoxamide
nedocromil
vasoconstrictors that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis
tetryzoline HCl - redness of eye reduced for a while, only treats symptoms
antihistamines that can be used in case of allergic conjunctivitis
azelastine olopatadine epinastine emedastine antazoline
which stain should we use on a corneal ulcer
fluorescein stain
treatment options for a corneal ulcer
AB
NSAIDs
atropine
protease inhibitors
how does atropine help in the case of corneal ulcer
cyclospasm is present - cycloplegia helps relieve
should we use GCs in the case of a corneal ulcer
no
should we use ointment in the case of a corneal ulcer
no ointment
whats an autoserum eyedrop
blood sample of patient, centrifuge, keep in fridge and use for eye drops
uveitis cause
AB, immunosuppression
the use of a mydriatic like atropine in uveitis
- topically
- analgesic activity
- inhibition of synechiae
- quick degradation in inflammed eye
anti inflammatory drugs for use in uveitis
prednisolone
how should we give anti-inflammatories in anterior uveitis
topically
how should we give anti inflammatories in panuveitis
systemic or subconjunctival
cause for ERU - equine recurrent uveitis
immunosuppression
treatment for ERU
cyclosporin subconjunctival implant
cause for dry eye syndrome
potentiated sulfonamides, viral infection
name of test for dry eye syndrome
schirmers test
dry eye syndrome other name
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
treatment options for dry eye syndrome
immunosuppression
artficial tear
AB topically
glaucoma treatment aim
intraocular pressure decr
two ways to decr intraocular pressure
incr outflow of aqueous humour
deccr production of aqueous humour
drug groups of incr outflow of aqueous humour
parasympathomimetics
sympatholytics
prostaglandin analogues
drugs groups to decr production of aqueous humour
sympatholytics
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
is atropine used in glaucoma
no its contraindicated
equine medicated feed
only drugs with wide TI
vitamins, food additives
equine nasogastric tube
activated charcoal
can only be used once and cannot be attached
equine gel/paste
different flavours
deworming agents
equine IV injection
use jugular vein - over IM
IM injection equine
not liked bc of abscesses
needs to be given deep into the muscle
equine intrauterine tablet
not so frequent
used to treat metritis
ruminants oral admin
drench - liquid drugs, mass medication process
antibiotics prohibited orally as they harm microflora
ruminants intraruminal device
bolus
doesnt give orally
modified release substances
rumen v sensitive
ruminants pour on
like spot on
antiparasitic agents
ruminants intrauterine tablets
used frequently post partum to prevent mastitis
intravaginal drug delivery system
oestrous synchronisation - progesterone
ruminants intramammary infusion
milking/dry cows
bismuth salts
antiseptics for mastitis
swine IM injection
not into femoral muscles - into neck, bc of discolouration
swine SC inj
behind ear
swine spray
antiparasitic agents
swine nasal drip
in case of piglets
poultry medicated feed
no the best idea
they tend to sort their food
mass treatment
poultry medicated water
mass treatment
poultry tube
dont use in treatment
mainly in experiments
individual treatment
poultry spraying
fumigation more frequent
vaccines given like this
external antiparasitics
IM inj poultry
pectoral muscles
not recommended in meat producing animals, for breeding, laying can use
IV inj poultry
wing veins
fumigation/ vapours poultry
for vaccination eg newcastle disease
dog cat external treatment
shampoo, spray, spot on
dog cat internal treatment types
enteral
parenteral
inhalation
birds treatment is it individual
yes
what to take into consideration when treating birds
stress sensitivity
injuries, fragile bones
reptiles, amphibians treatment is it individual
yes
reptiles, amphibians things to consider when treating
poikilothermic animals
renal portal system
fishes treatment
group medication - individual
water- feed
how do we admin drugs individually to fish
intracoelomically
honey bee medication type
group
honey bee external treatment methods
spraying
evaporating
smoking
honey bee internal treatment methods
enteral - sugar pie, sugar syrup
fumigation
fogger
external drug admin to farm animals without fixation
dustbag, dusting gate
footbath
spraying
external drug admin to farm animals with fixation
dipping
pour on
impregnated ear tag
internal drug admin to farm animals without fixation
medicated feed
medicated drinking water
salty blocks
internal drug admin to farm animals with fixation
drench
mass vaccination
fumigation, vapours
