anaemia Flashcards
four types of anaemia
acute haemorrhagic anaemia
iron defiency anaemia
haemolytic anaemias
non regenerating anaemias
where is erythropoietin produced
kidney
what does hypoxia do to erythropoietin production
it increases it -> RBC precursors, reticulocyte and RBC production
indications for erythropoietin as a drug
chronic renal disease
neoplastic diseases
how low should the Ht be before we use erythropoietin as a drug
<20%
why does Ht need to be so low before we can apply EPO
be it triggers an immune response
how should EPO be administered
IV or SC
how often should we apply EPO
3x per week usually
EPO side effects
production of autoantibodies-> no improvement
fever, anorexia, arthalgia, ulceration
what does EPO do to blood pressure and how can this lead to an increase in thromboembolic events
incr blood pressure, incr blood viscosity, incr chance of thromboembolic events
EPO dose
100IU/kg sc until you reach target Ht
two forms of EPO as a drug
epoetin alpha
darbepoetin
which form of EPO drug has a better safety and efficacy
darbepoetin
darbepoetin does it produce more or less autoantibodies
less
darbepoetin is it expensive
yes
causes of iron deficiency anemias
chronic blood loss
increased need
malabsorption
low iron content of feed
iron deficiency anemia in piglets mechanism
low iron storage
high growth rate
low milk level
lack of other sources
signs of serious anaemia in piglets
porcealin pigs, rough hair, significant growth, retardation
two methods of iron supplementation
per os
intramuscular
in form do we give iron per os
Fe2+, inorganic salts, Fe-fumarate, Fe-gluconate
possible side effects of iron per os
intestinal erosions mainly but also gastric -> usually diarrhoea/constipation
bioavaliability of iron per os
low, 10-25%
which form of iron supplementation is our 1st choice
intramuscular
side effects of intramuscular application
anaphylactoid reactions
immunosuppression
intramuscular iron bioavaliability
60-90%
piglet intramuscular iron dose
100mg elemental iron/kg
calf intramuscular iron dose
10mg/kg
why should we give iron intramuscularly into the neck
bc of discolouration
indications for intramuscular dose of iron
iron deficiency anaemia in piglet and calf
before giving EPO in chronic renal failure
chronic blood loss
haemolysis
intramuscular iron supplementation side effects
anaphylactic reaction and immunosuppression
what should we give in case of iron supplementation overdosage
deferoxamine
steps for treating anemia associated infections
- broad spectrum AB
- EPO
- iron supplementation
