Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > NSAIDs > Flashcards

NSAIDs Flashcards

1
Q

definition of peripherial sensitisation

A

at the site of inflammation you feel pain much better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where in the eicosanoids chain do glucocorticoids have their effect

A

at phospholipase A2 - they diminish the whole process - most potent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

localisation of COX1

A

stomach, kidney, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

localisation of COX2

A

macrophages, fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

COX1 production

A

constitutive - all the time produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

COX2 production

A

inductive - at site of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

COX1 effects in stomach

A

produces prostaglandins mainly PGE to protect stomach wall

  • decr HCl
  • incr mucus secretions
  • incr perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what substances inhibit COX3

A

paracetamol, metamizole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is COX3 present

A

in CNS, mainly hypothalamus and thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what effects does inhibiting COX3 have on the body

A

great antipyretic and analgesic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

old, non selective NSAIDs

A

ketoprofen, aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

more selective COX2 inhibitors

A

meloxicam, carprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name two coxibs that are extremely selective

A

deracoxib, firocoxib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

absorption of NSAIDs

A
  • usually weak acids - non ionised forms have better transport through membranes
  • depends on feed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

distribution of NSAIDs

A
  • extensive albumin binding - cannot enter milk
  • hypoalbuminaemia
  • interactions
  • loading dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

metabolism of NSAIDs

A

mainly glucoronic acid conjugation - feline sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

while there is no NSAIDs authorised for cats for more than one week, which one is actually safe long term

A

meloxicam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

excretion NSAIDs

A

urine in both inactive and active forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where in the body would you find GI ulceration as a side effect

A

stomach and duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

two causes of GI ulceration as a side effect

A
  • local irritation - ion trapping of weak acids

- PGE decr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

can this GI ulceration be avoided by injecting the drugs

A

no, bc the PGE decr can cause it anyway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do we treat GI ulceration

A

proton pump inhibitors eg omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

should we give NSAIDs to patients with dehydration

A

no hydrate the animal first - kidney damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

due to the kidney damage, which limitations should we put on usage of NSAIDs

A
  • rehydrate first
  • not during anaesthesia - only post operative
  • not with preexisting renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which dog breed is most prone to idiosyncratic reactions with carprofen

A

golden retrievers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how often is hepatotoxicity observed as a possible side effect

A

rarely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why shouldnt we use paracetamol in cats

A

leads to methaemoglobinemia - seriously toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when can the side effect of platelet aggregeation inhibiton be useful

A

during thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which NSAIDs are more prone to platelet aggregation inhibiton

A

aspirin, flunixin, tolfenamic acid, ketoprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why should we be careful when using NSAIDs in arthritis patients

A

bc they can cause proteoglycan synthesis inhibiton - damages cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

which NSAIDs are more prone to proteoglycan synthesis inhibition

A

aspirin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

why are NSAIDs not recommended for use during pregnancy, esp the first trimester

A

they can cause fetal damage, teratogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

which NSAID in particular is known to have no effect on cartilage

A

maloxicam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why should we be careful when using NSAIDs around the time of parturition

A

they can cause placenta retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the time period when we should avoid using NSAIDs around parturition

A

48hrs before to 36hrs after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

which drug can be used safely around parturition

A

maloxicam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

groups of acidic active substances

A
  • salicylates
  • arilpropionic acids
  • heteroaryl acetic acids
  • anthranilic acids
  • butylpyrazolidines
  • oxicams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

groups of non acidic active substances

A
  • anilin derivatives

- pyrazolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

coxibs

A
  • deracoxib
  • firocoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • cimicoxib
  • mavacoxib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

salicylates

A
  • acetylsalicilic acid
  • Na salicylate
  • sulfasalazine, mesalazine
41
Q

arilpropionic acids

A
  • ketoprofen
  • vedaprofen
  • carprofen
42
Q

heteroaryl acetic acids

A

diclofenac

43
Q

anthraanilic acids

A
  • flunixin meglumine

- tolfenamic acid

44
Q

butyl pyrazolidines

A

phenylbutazone

45
Q

oxicams

A
  • piroxicam

- meloxicam

46
Q

anilin derivatives

A

paracetamol

47
Q

pyrazolones

A

metamizole sodium

48
Q

possible side effects from NSAIDs

A
  • GI ulceration
  • kidney damage
  • hepatoxcity
  • platelet aggregation inhibition
  • methaemoglobinaemia
  • proteoglycan synthesis inhibition
  • fetal damage
  • placenta retention
49
Q

which species can acetylsalycilic acid be used in

A

dogs, farm animals, not cats

50
Q

in which farm animals is acetylsalycilic acid usually used in

A

poultry, swine

51
Q

Na salicylate is used in which species

A

only farm animals, added to water

52
Q

which is safer, acetylsalycilic acid or Na salicylate

A

Na salicylate - ore COX2 selective

53
Q

in which species are sulfasalazine and mesalazine used

A

dogs and humans

54
Q

indication for sulfasalazine and mesalazine

A

chronic colitis

55
Q

what does ketoprofen do to platelet aggregation

A

significantly inhibits

56
Q

ketoprofen use in cats

A

short term safety, best antipyretic in cats, v short half life

57
Q

in which form does vedoprofen come for horses

A

as an oral paste

58
Q

vedaprofen can be used in which species

A

horses

59
Q

is vedaprofen selective

A

yes, COX2 selective

60
Q

possible idiosyncratic reaction from carprofen in golden retrievers

A

hepatopathy - be careful when you give with other hepatotoxic drugs

61
Q

carprofen duration in cattle

A

4-5 days

62
Q

why is the WP for milk carprofen 0 days

A

because high albumin binding

63
Q

can carprofen be given lifelong

A

yes

64
Q

loading carprofen dose ca

A

po,sc,iv 4.4mg/kg

65
Q

maintainence dose carprofen ca

A

2.2mg/kg

66
Q

can carprofen be used in exotics

A

yes

67
Q

side effects carprofen

A

no cartilage damage, rare side effects - COX2 selective

68
Q

diclofenac is toxic for which species

A

dogs, cats and birds

69
Q

what does flunixin meglumine do to platelet aggregation

A

inhibits -causes bleeding

70
Q

why is there a flunixin meglumine pour on solution in cattle

A

the half life is short - decr absorption lasts longer

71
Q

why is flunixin meglumine useful for mastitis, enteritis and colic

A

its antiendotoxic

72
Q

why is flunixin meglumine frequently used in Eq

A

its spasmolytic

73
Q

is tolfenamic acid long term in cats

A

no, short term

74
Q

what does tolfenamic acid do to platelet aggregation

A

inhibits

75
Q

in which species is phenylbutazone still used

A

equine, as an ointment

76
Q

indications for piroxicam

A

oncology, prostate and urinary bladder tumours - lot of side effects

77
Q

meloxicam loading dose Car

A

0.2mg/kg SID

78
Q

meloxicam can be given how

A

inj and PO

79
Q

meloxicam maintainance dose Car

A

0.1mg/kg SID

80
Q

meloxicam large animals loading dose

A

0.4mg/kg

81
Q

meloxicam large animals maintainence dose

A

0.6mg/kg

82
Q

why is meloxicam useful for mastitis, enteritis and colic

A

its antiendotoxic

83
Q

which COX does paracetamol inhibit

A

COX3 - analgesic, antipyretic

84
Q

effect of metamizole sodium in cats

A

CNS signs, excitation, salivation

85
Q

paracetamol dose cats

A

NEVER GIVE

86
Q

metamizole sodium dose

A

20-30mg/kg

87
Q

metamizole sodium effect

A

not specific but mainly COX3

88
Q

species you can use deracoxib in

A

dog

89
Q

firocoxib can be used in which species

A

dog, horse

90
Q

firocoxib selectivity

A

highly selective COX2

91
Q

robenacoxib species

A

dog/cat

92
Q

robenacoxib how can it be given

A

inj

93
Q

mavacoxib half life

A

long, 5-7 days

94
Q

mavacoxib duration of action

A

3-4weeks

95
Q

bioavaliability of mavacoxib with food

A

80%

96
Q

bioavaliability of mavacoxib without food

A

20%

97
Q

mavacoxib percent of albumin binding

A

98%

98
Q

first repeat of mavacoxib

A

after 2wks

99
Q

second onwards repeat of mavacoxib

A

every 4wks

Pharmacology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions