Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 1 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Class

A
  • Mammalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Order

A
  • Artiodactyla
  • even-toed hooves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Family

A
  • Suidae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genus

A
  • Sus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Domesticated Pig

A
  • Sus scrofa
  • subspecies called Sus scrofa domesticus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • 38 chromosomes
  • 19 pair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Domestication

A
  • early on, around time of sheep domestication
  • 8000 BC
  • separate domestication in E Asia and the Middle East (?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Global Number

A
  • 1B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

China

A
  • majority of pigs - 460M
  • China lost half of its pigs to African swine fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

US Number

A
  • 60-70 M pigs
  • avg 66M pigs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Annual US Production

A
  • 115M pigs
  • short generation time of pigs
  • at any given time, 60M pigs, but there are animals sent to market
  • dynamic; numbers change rapidly, unlike cattle which take years to grow up and get into production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Other Countries

A
  • Brazil: 40+M pigs
  • Germany/Europe: 27M
  • Russia: 17M pigs
  • most countries have their own pork production that is consumed domestically usually
  • export of pork is less common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

US Regions of Pork Production

A
  • Midwest because corn and soy is grown there, which is the main protein/food source for pigs
  • Iowa: 20M pigs
  • NC: 10M
  • Minnesota: 8M
  • Illinois: 5M
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pig Farm Consolidation in US

A
  • 60-70% of pigs are from 5000+ hog herd farms
  • economy of scale
  • pig farms are getting bigger and more large-scale
  • pigs raised in barns bcs bad at temp regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Boar

A
  • male uncastrated pig
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sow

A
  • mature female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Barrow

A
  • castrated male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hog

A
  • market pig above 50 kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gilt

A
  • young female before first birth
20
Q

Piglet

A
  • young, milk-fed pig
21
Q

Farrowing

A
  • giving birth
22
Q

Social Structure

A
  • group or sounder
23
Q

Dental Formula

A
  • 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
  • pigs are omnivores
  • premolars might be really sharp
  • break baby needle teeth to avoid them chewing on each other’s tails and from shredding teats
24
Q

GI Tract

A
  • true monogastric
  • nutrient absorption in small intestine
  • water absorption in large intestine
  • coiled colon
25
Q

Pork

A
  • red meat
  • low levels of myoglobin, which binds oxygen, so meat looks paler
  • sold as white meat to compete with poultry industry
26
Q

Female Puberty

A
  • 5-7 mo
  • 100 kg
27
Q

Estrous Cycle

A
  • 21 days
  • polyestrous
28
Q

Uterus

A
  • bicornuate uterus
  • extra long uterine horns because whole litter needs room to sit inside the uterus
29
Q

Placenta

A
  • diffuse, like mares
30
Q

PG 600

A
  • hormone injection
  • gonadotropin that releases FSH and LH to initiate onset of follicle formation in the ovary
  • can induce ovary to start cycling
  • used to synchronize sow heat cycles
31
Q

Lutalyze

A
  • injection that lyses the corpus luteum from being functional at certain time
  • resets estrous cycle and has them all resynchronize to get ovulation at the same time
32
Q

Matrix

A
  • ingested like oral contraceptive
  • mimics progesterone
  • suppresses ovulation while eating it; when they stop, they start ovulating several days later
33
Q

AI Success

A
  • if she’s in heat 21 days after insemination, she didn’t get pregnant
  • if pregnant, do ultrasound 30-60 days after breeding
34
Q

Boar Penis

A
  • fibrous; sigmoid flexure like boar and ram to extend penis
  • corkscrew penis that locks into cervix of female for prolonged ejaculation
35
Q

Ejaculation

A
  • 5-15 mins
  • 150-300 mL ejaculate
  • 30-60B spermatozoa per ejaculate
  • need large volume of ejaculate to make it up uterine horn
36
Q

Testes

A
  • 750 g
  • external because pigs are bad at temperature regulation
  • need to keep testes cool
  • cool blood flows through because heating of spermatozoa can damage/kill it
37
Q

AI Method

A
  • most pigs in US bred by AI
  • boars hump something like stallions’ phantom
  • you stimulate the boar and then collect ejaculate for 5-15 mins in a container
  • inspect sperm morphology, motility, life, etc., once collected
  • put into aliquot tube to deliver into catheter that locks into cervix
  • semen is fresh and cooled for optimal viability
  • 1 boar per 20 females in natural service
  • 1 boar per 50 females in AI
  • keep boars on farm to collect semen and detect heat
38
Q

Generation Interval

A
  • short
  • gilt bred by 6 mo
  • 114 day pregnancy
  • generation interval of 10-11 mo
39
Q

Genetic Gain

A
  • when you select individuals for genetic advantage, shorter generation interval means increased genetic gains
  • can select best ones out of F1 generation
  • faster in swine than in cattle
40
Q

Lactation Period

A
  • 21 days
  • lactational anestrus (does not ovulate until weaned)
41
Q

Litters

A
  • 2.2/yr
  • allows you to market more pigs per year
  • greater ability to realize genetic gain
  • operational efficiency
42
Q

Farrowing

A
  • 18-21 piglets
  • 12-14 teats, so might need to cross-foster for colostrum delivery
  • injection of oxytocin for muscle contraction of myometrium
  • oxytocin is the “quick birth hormone”
43
Q

Myometrium

A
  • muscular layer of the uterus involved in contractions
44
Q

Farrowing Crates

A
  • sometimes stalls for a bit more freedom
  • with more sow maneuverability, greater risk of pig mortality
45
Q

Heritability (H^2)

A
  • (variance in genotype) / (variance in phenotype)
  • fraction or proportion btwn 0-1
  • how much of phenotypic variance is genetic vs. environmental
  • high heritability means next generation will likely have same trait
  • lowest heritability = litter survival to weaning (5%)
  • high heritability = backfat thickness (40%)

ANS 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions