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ANS 1 > Lab Animals Lab > Flashcards

Lab Animals Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Mice General

A
  • most widely-used mammal in research
  • easy to maintain, prolific, great genetic diversity
  • order Rodentia
  • Mus musculus
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2
Q

Rats General

A
  • easily maintained
  • excellent pets
  • larger than mice –> easier for surgical manipulation and sample collection
  • order Rodentia
  • Rattus norvegicus
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3
Q

Rabbits General

A
  • can be house-trained
  • multipurpose: pets, show, research, food/fur/byproducts
  • order Lagomorpha
  • Oryctolagus caniculus
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4
Q

Mouse and Rat Terminology

A
  • dam
  • sire
  • pup (parturition)
  • pup (offspring)
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5
Q

Rabbit Terminology

A
  • doe
  • buck
  • kindle (parturition)
  • kit/kittling (offspring)
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6
Q

Mice Handling

A
  • grasp at base of tail
  • place on surface with firm footing (like wire cage top)
  • scruff them w/ non-dominant hand
  • hold tail w/ last two fingers in non-dominant hand
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7
Q

Rat Handling

A
  • usually docile, but do not scruff
  • grasp at base of tail for moving rat over short distance or cursory exam
  • firmer restraint: thumb and index finger around forelimbs, other fingers support chest
  • use other hand to support lower body and hold tail
  • too much pressure: struggling, injury, increased tendency to bite
  • holding tail distal to base can result in degloving injury
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8
Q

Rabbit Handling

A
  • docile, timid, panic (if aggressive, will bite)
  • susceptible to lumbar spine luxation and fractures – breaking backs
  • support hindquarters at all time
  • can scruff w/ one hand, hold butt w/ other; support w/ forearms
  • work over foam sheet to protect rabbit if dropped
  • return rabbit to cage hind end first to prevent it jumping prematurely and injuring itself
  • do not lift by ears
  • longer restraint: restraint box or cat bag
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9
Q

Temporary Identification

A
  • felt tip marker on ear or tail for several days
  • dyes on fur for several weeks (for light-colored and albino animals)
  • shave fur on back or side of animal
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10
Q

Permanent Identification

A
  • ear punching, ear tagging, SQ microchip
  • ear punching produces 0.5 to 2 mm notch near edge of ear or hole in middle of ear
  • test ear punching device before use
  • disinfect/autoclave cutting edge of punch
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11
Q

Life Span

A
  • mice: 1-2 yrs
  • rats: 2-4 yrs
  • rabbits: 5-6 yrs
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12
Q

Adult Weight (F/M)

A
  • mice: 30/35 g
  • rats: 300/500 g
  • rabbits: 6/5 kg
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13
Q

Breeding Onset (F/M)

A
  • mice: 6-7/6-8 wks
  • rats: 9-10/10-11 wks
  • rabbits: 5/6 mo
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14
Q

Estrous Cycle

A
  • mice: 4-5 d
  • rats: 4-5 d
  • rabbits: 15-16 d (induced)
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15
Q

Gestation Length

A
  • mice: 19-21 d
  • rats: 20-22 d
  • rabbits: 31-32 d
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16
Q

Weaning Age

A
  • mice: 21 d
  • rats: 21 d
  • rabbits: 4-8 wks
17
Q

Litter Size

A
  • mice: 10-12
  • rats: 9-11
  • rabbits: 7-9
18
Q

Sexing

A
  • see lab manual pg. 113
19
Q

Estrous Cyclicity

A
  • large animals: collect blood sample and measure estrogen and progesterone levels
  • rodents: Lee-Boot effect or Whitten effect
20
Q

Lee-Boot Effect

A
  • synchronize females by housing together in cage
  • they all enter state of “persistent diestrus”
  • useful for breeding
21
Q

Whitten Effect

A
  • introduce bedding from male into cage of females
  • females will be in estrus 3 d later
22
Q

Determining Stage of Cycle

A
  • sample cells from vagina w/ swab –> different cells depending on stage of cycle
  • look at vulva
23
Q

Vulva

A
  • diestrus: small, dry vulva opening
  • proestrus and estrus: estrogen makes vulva moister, pink, more open
  • metestrus: vulva enlarged and floor has “striations” on it
24
Q

Mice and Rat Nutrition

A
  • omnivorous
  • monogastric
  • adult rats: 5 g feed, 10 mL water per day for every 100 g of body weight
  • feed consumption depends on health, breeding stage, ambient temp, humidity, time of day
25
Q

Rabbit Nutrition

A
  • concentrate selectors –> naturally select foods higher in energy density
  • non-ruminant herbivores w/ enlarged hindgut
  • coprophagy: reingestion of soft feces or caecotrophs immediately after its expulsion from the anus
  • coprophagy highest when diets high in non-digestible fiber are fed
  • reingested fecal matter provides essential components of rabbit nutrition, including vitamins (all the B vitamins needed), microbial protein, and small amts of VFAs
26
Q

Standard Photoperiod for Lab Animals

A
  • 14 hrs light, 10 hrs dark OR
  • 12 hrs each
27
Q

Mice Housing

A
  • 96.7 cm^2 of floor area/animal for group-housed mice weighing more than 25 g for adult mice
  • female w/ litter: 330 cm^2 (sheet of paper)
  • temp: 20-26 degrees C
  • humidity: 30-70% (for most mammals)
28
Q

Rat Housing

A
  • group-housed adult rats more than 500 g: 451.5 cm^2
  • female w/ litter: 800 cm^2
  • temp: 20-26 degrees C
29
Q

Rabbit Housing

A
  • group-housed/paired rabbits more than 5.4 kg: 0.46 m^2
  • temp: 16-22 degrees C

ANS 1 (20 decks)

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