swallowing Flashcards
function of orbicularis oris in relation to swallowing (1)? cranial nerve?
- oral containment
- cn 7
function of buccinator in relation to swallowing (2)? cranial nerve?
- tense cheeks
- maintain food within molars
- cn 7
function of masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid in relation to swallowing (1)? cranial nerve?
- close the jaw (chewing)
- cn 5
intrinsic tongue muscles (4)? cranial nerve?
- superior longitudinal
- inferior longitudinal
- vertical
- transverse
cn 12
extrinsic tongue muscles (4)? cranial nerve?
- styloglossus
- hyoglossus
- genioglossus
- geniohyoid
cn 12
main function of intrinsic vs extrinsic tongue muscles?
- intrinsic: maintain lingual shape and tone
- extrinsic: big position changes during phonation, mastication etc.
which CN innervates the anterior and posterior tongue in terms of SOMATIC SENSATION?
- anterior 2/3: cn 5
- posterior 1/3: cn 9
which CN innervates the anterior and posterior tongue in terms of TASTE?
- anterior 2/3: cn 7
- posterior 1/3: cn 9
where is the…
a) parotid gland
b) sublingual gland
c) submandibular gland
a) cheekbone area
b) under tongue
c) under jaw
define xerostemia. what are two common causes?
- dry mouth
- causes: medication, parasympathetic damage
why is saliva critical? (3)
- antibacterial and antacid properties (prevents tooth decay and infections)
- incorporated into foods to form bolus
- reduces friction for bolus travel
function of tensor veli palatini (1)? cranial nerve?
- tenses palate and opens ET
- cn 5 (anything “tensor” = 5)
function of levator veli palatini (1)? cranial nerve?
- closes velopharyngeal port
- cn 10
function of uvular muscularis (1)? cranial nerve?
- tenses posterior palate
- cn 10
function of palatoglossus? what about the palatopharyngeus? what’s between them?
- pglossus: elevates posterior tongue, closes isthmus, aids swallowing (sensation), maintains arch.
- ppharyngeus: constricts pharynx during swallow, propels bolus.
- cn 10 innervates both
- tonsils
when the bolus reaches the _____, reflexive (involuntary) swallow is triggered
faucial pillars
what does the epiglottis create on the right and left sides?
- valleculae between median lateral glossoepiglottic folds
what muscle pulls the epiglottis down? cranial nerve?
- aryepiglottic
- cn 10
which cranial nerve innervates the…
a) anterior digastric belly
b) posterior digastric belly
c) mylohyoid
d) stylohyoid
e) geniohyoid
a) cn 5
b) cn 7
c) cn 5
d) cn 7
e) cn 12
the inferior pharyngeal constrictor is attached anteriorly to the ______. this attachment creates a space referred to as ______.
- thyroid cartilage
- pyriform sinuses
which pharyngeal muscle composes the upper esophageal sphincter?
cricopharyngeal muscle
which cranial nerve innervates the motor aspect of the pharyngeal constrictors?
cn 10 superior laryngeal branch
which cranial nerve innervates the motor aspect of the cricopharyngeal muscle?
cn 10 recurrent laryngeal branch
which cranial nerve innervates the UES and larynx adductors?
cn 10 recurrent laryngeal branch
is the UES open or closed at rest? why?
- closed
- to prevent stomach contents from leaking out
main function of UES?
to prevent reflux during esophageal peristalsis
which 3 muscles elevate the pharynx and dilate the back of the throat for food passage during swallowing? cranial nerve?
- stylopharyngeus (9*)
- salpingopharyngeus (10) – attached to ET
- palatopharyngeus (10)
which 3 muscles adduct the VFs to protect airway and prevent aspiration during swallowing? cranial nerve?
- transverse arytenoid (10 - RLN)
- oblique arytenoid (10 - RLN)
- lateral cricoarytenoid (10 - RLN)
define…
a) deglutition
b) peristalsis
c) dysphagia
d) prandial
a) swallowing
b) rhythmic muscular contractions in esophagus
c) swallowing disorder
d) during or related to food/eating
define…
a) mastication
b) bolus
c) chyme
a) chewing
b) lump of chewed up food/liquid
c) stomach contents (acid)
define…
a) nasal regurgitation
b) eructation
c) expectoration
d) emesis
a) food/liquid escapes thru nose
b) burp
c) spit
d) vomiting
define…
a) aspiration
b) aspiration pneumonia
a) penetration of foreign material into trachea/airway
b) infection caused by above
which part of the brain is the swallowing center?
medulla oblongata
can you breathe and swallow at the same time?
no
describe the oral preparatory phase of swallowing (6)
- lips close
- cheeks keep food in
- food is masticated
- saliva helps form into bolus
- posterior tongue elevates to prevent bolus from slipping down pharynx (extrinsic tongue muscles)
- palatal depressors keep velum open (can breathe here)
describe the oral transport phase of swallowing (1)
- posterior propulsion: bolus moved to back of mouth by compressing tongue against harrd palate
describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing (7)
- velopharyngeal port closes
- oral cavity closes
- vocal + vestibular folds close
- epiglottis closes
- larynx elevates
- UES opens
- pharyngeal propulsion
which swallowing phases are reflexive? (2)
- pharyngeal phase
- esophageal phase
what do you have to touch to trigger swallowing or gagging?
faucial pillars
which tool is best for confirming dysphagia diagnosis?
modified barium swallow study
what is FEES? (2)
- fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing
- nose thru camera
describe the esophageal phase of swallowing
- peristalsis
- breathing is reinitiated
how long does it take for food to transit from the upper to lower esophageal sphincter?
10-20 seconds
what are some options for when patients cannot swallow safely at all? (2)
- nasogastric tube
- gastric tube
