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slp1502: anatomy > swallowing > Flashcards

swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

function of orbicularis oris in relation to swallowing (1)? cranial nerve?

A
  • oral containment
  • cn 7
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2
Q

function of buccinator in relation to swallowing (2)? cranial nerve?

A
  • tense cheeks
  • maintain food within molars
  • cn 7
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3
Q

function of masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid in relation to swallowing (1)? cranial nerve?

A
  • close the jaw (chewing)
  • cn 5
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4
Q

intrinsic tongue muscles (4)? cranial nerve?

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. vertical
  4. transverse

cn 12

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5
Q

extrinsic tongue muscles (4)? cranial nerve?

A
  1. styloglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. genioglossus
  4. geniohyoid

cn 12

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6
Q

main function of intrinsic vs extrinsic tongue muscles?

A
  • intrinsic: maintain lingual shape and tone
  • extrinsic: big position changes during phonation, mastication etc.
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7
Q

which CN innervates the anterior and posterior tongue in terms of SOMATIC SENSATION?

A
  • anterior 2/3: cn 5
  • posterior 1/3: cn 9
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8
Q

which CN innervates the anterior and posterior tongue in terms of TASTE?

A
  • anterior 2/3: cn 7
  • posterior 1/3: cn 9
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9
Q

where is the…
a) parotid gland
b) sublingual gland
c) submandibular gland

A

a) cheekbone area
b) under tongue
c) under jaw

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10
Q

define xerostemia. what are two common causes?

A
  • dry mouth
  • causes: medication, parasympathetic damage
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11
Q

why is saliva critical? (3)

A
  1. antibacterial and antacid properties (prevents tooth decay and infections)
  2. incorporated into foods to form bolus
  3. reduces friction for bolus travel
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12
Q

function of tensor veli palatini (1)? cranial nerve?

A
  • tenses palate and opens ET
  • cn 5 (anything “tensor” = 5)
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13
Q

function of levator veli palatini (1)? cranial nerve?

A
  • closes velopharyngeal port
  • cn 10
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14
Q

function of uvular muscularis (1)? cranial nerve?

A
  • tenses posterior palate
  • cn 10
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15
Q

function of palatoglossus? what about the palatopharyngeus? what’s between them?

A
  • pglossus: elevates posterior tongue, closes isthmus, aids swallowing (sensation), maintains arch.
  • ppharyngeus: constricts pharynx during swallow, propels bolus.
  • cn 10 innervates both
  • tonsils
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16
Q

when the bolus reaches the _____, reflexive (involuntary) swallow is triggered

A

faucial pillars

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17
Q

what does the epiglottis create on the right and left sides?

A
  • valleculae between median lateral glossoepiglottic folds
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18
Q

what muscle pulls the epiglottis down? cranial nerve?

A
  • aryepiglottic
  • cn 10
19
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the…
a) anterior digastric belly
b) posterior digastric belly
c) mylohyoid
d) stylohyoid
e) geniohyoid

A

a) cn 5
b) cn 7
c) cn 5
d) cn 7
e) cn 12

20
Q

the inferior pharyngeal constrictor is attached anteriorly to the ______. this attachment creates a space referred to as ______.

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • pyriform sinuses
21
Q

which pharyngeal muscle composes the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

cricopharyngeal muscle

22
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the motor aspect of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

cn 10 superior laryngeal branch

23
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the motor aspect of the cricopharyngeal muscle?

A

cn 10 recurrent laryngeal branch

24
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the UES and larynx adductors?

A

cn 10 recurrent laryngeal branch

25
Q

is the UES open or closed at rest? why?

A
  • closed
  • to prevent stomach contents from leaking out
26
Q

main function of UES?

A

to prevent reflux during esophageal peristalsis

27
Q

which 3 muscles elevate the pharynx and dilate the back of the throat for food passage during swallowing? cranial nerve?

A
  1. stylopharyngeus (9*)
  2. salpingopharyngeus (10) – attached to ET
  3. palatopharyngeus (10)
28
Q

which 3 muscles adduct the VFs to protect airway and prevent aspiration during swallowing? cranial nerve?

A
  1. transverse arytenoid (10 - RLN)
  2. oblique arytenoid (10 - RLN)
  3. lateral cricoarytenoid (10 - RLN)
29
Q

define…
a) deglutition
b) peristalsis
c) dysphagia
d) prandial

A

a) swallowing
b) rhythmic muscular contractions in esophagus
c) swallowing disorder
d) during or related to food/eating

30
Q

define…
a) mastication
b) bolus
c) chyme

A

a) chewing
b) lump of chewed up food/liquid
c) stomach contents (acid)

31
Q

define…
a) nasal regurgitation
b) eructation
c) expectoration
d) emesis

A

a) food/liquid escapes thru nose
b) burp
c) spit
d) vomiting

32
Q

define…
a) aspiration
b) aspiration pneumonia

A

a) penetration of foreign material into trachea/airway
b) infection caused by above

33
Q

which part of the brain is the swallowing center?

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

can you breathe and swallow at the same time?

A

no

35
Q

describe the oral preparatory phase of swallowing (6)

A
  • lips close
  • cheeks keep food in
  • food is masticated
  • saliva helps form into bolus
  • posterior tongue elevates to prevent bolus from slipping down pharynx (extrinsic tongue muscles)
  • palatal depressors keep velum open (can breathe here)
36
Q

describe the oral transport phase of swallowing (1)

A
  • posterior propulsion: bolus moved to back of mouth by compressing tongue against harrd palate
37
Q

describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing (7)

A
  • velopharyngeal port closes
  • oral cavity closes
  • vocal + vestibular folds close
  • epiglottis closes
  • larynx elevates
  • UES opens
  • pharyngeal propulsion
38
Q

which swallowing phases are reflexive? (2)

A
  • pharyngeal phase
  • esophageal phase
39
Q

what do you have to touch to trigger swallowing or gagging?

A

faucial pillars

40
Q

which tool is best for confirming dysphagia diagnosis?

A

modified barium swallow study

41
Q

what is FEES? (2)

A
  • fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing
  • nose thru camera
42
Q

describe the esophageal phase of swallowing

A
  • peristalsis
  • breathing is reinitiated
43
Q

how long does it take for food to transit from the upper to lower esophageal sphincter?

A

10-20 seconds

44
Q

what are some options for when patients cannot swallow safely at all? (2)

A
  1. nasogastric tube
  2. gastric tube

slp1502: anatomy (20 decks)

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