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slp1502: anatomy > neuro lec 6 > Flashcards

neuro lec 6 Flashcards

1
Q

briefly describe the embryology of the nervous system (3)

A
  1. neural plate develops in ectoderm
  2. sides of neural plate come together to form neural groove
  3. neural folds fuse at midline to form neural tube, caudal end becomes spinal cord
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2
Q

what is the notochord?

A
  • axis of embryo
  • future site of vertebrae
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3
Q

what do neural crest cells give rise to?

A

peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

what type of condition would problems at the caudal end of the neural tube cause? what about at the cranial end?

A
  • caudal: spina bifida
  • cranial: anencephaly
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5
Q

what does the neural tube differentiate into? (3)

A
  1. Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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6
Q

where are the nuclei of the cranial nerves located?

A

in the CNS

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7
Q

which cranial nerves develop from the tel? die? mes? met? mye?

A
  • tel: 1
  • die: 2
  • mes: 3, 4
  • met: 5, 6, 7, 8
  • mye: 9, 10, 11, 12
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8
Q

what is the order of the cranial nerves? what is their general function (sensory/motor/both)?

A
  1. olfaction (sensory)
  2. optic (sensory)
  3. oculomotor (motor)
  4. trochlear (motor)
  5. trigeminal (both)
  6. abducens (motor)
  7. facial (both)
  8. vestibulocochlear (sensory)
  9. glossopharyngeal (both)
  10. vagus (both)
  11. accessory (motor)
  12. hypoglossal (motor)
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9
Q

what is the trigeminal nerve derived from? what is it responsible for?

A
  • pharyngeal arch 1
  • chewing muscles
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10
Q

what is the facial nerve derived from? what is it responsible for?

A
  • pharyngeal arch 2
  • facial expression
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11
Q

what is the glossopharyngeal derived from? what is it responsible for?

A
  • pharyngeal arch 3
  • swallowing muscles
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12
Q

what is derived from pharyngeal arches 4 and 6?

A
  • 4: superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (soft palate muscles)
  • 6: recurrent laryngeal branch (laryngeal muscles)
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13
Q

which cranial nerves are somatic/efferent? what is their function?

A
  • 3, 4, 6, 11, 12
  • move skeletal muscles
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14
Q

which cranial nerves are somatic/afferent? what is their function?

A
  • 5, 9
  • conscious sensation
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15
Q

which cranial nerves are autonomic/efferent? what is their function?

A
  • 3, 7, 9, 10
  • unconscious control of smooth muscles/glands (parasympa)
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16
Q

which cranial nerves are autonomic/afferent? what is their function?

A
  • 10
  • unconscious senses of smooth muscles/glands
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17
Q

which cranial nerves are “special efferent”? what are they derived from? what is their function?

A
  • 5, 7, 9, 10
  • derived from brachial arches
  • voluntary and reflexive control (“both”)
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18
Q

which cranial nerves are “special afferent”? what is their function?

A
  • 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10
  • conscious and unconscious sensation (“both”)
19
Q

complicated CN and really complicated CN

A

straight to cheat sheet

20
Q

which __cephalon are olfactory and optic nerves from?

A
  • olfactory: telencephalon
  • optic: dienecephalon
21
Q

Neuroepithelial olfactory cells send axons through the _______ of the ethmoid bone to synapse in the olfactory bulb to olfactory tract.

A

cribriform plate

22
Q

define anosmia and ageusia

A
  • anosmia: loss of smell
  • ageusia: loss of taste
23
Q

purpose of optic nerve?

A

vision

24
Q

injury prechiam leads to loss of vision in…
injury postchiasm leads to loss of vision in…

A
  • prechiasm = monocular loss
  • postchiasm = homonymous hemianopia
25
Q

what is a scotoma?

A

blind spot

26
Q

purpose of oculomotor nerve? (2) where is the motor nucleus?

A
  • controls eye movements and eyelid elevation
  • pupil constriction and lens accommodation (parasympa)
  • upper midbrain
27
Q

define strabismus, diplopia, and ptosis

A
  • strabismus: lazy eye
  • diplopia: double vision
  • ptosis: eye lid droop
28
Q

purpose of trochlear nerve? where is the motor nucleus?

A
  • superior oblique eye muscles
  • midbrain
29
Q

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve? where is the motor nucleus?

A
  • opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
  • pons
30
Q

which cranial nerve do dentists numb?

A

trigeminal

31
Q

what are some symptoms of trigeminal nerve damage?

A
  • trigeminal neuralgia (pain spasms)
  • paralysis/weakness of jaw muscles
32
Q

purpose of abducens nerve? where is the motor nucleus?

A
  • lateral rectus muscles (lateral gaze)
  • tegmentum of pons
33
Q

slide 255

A

i cant

34
Q

what is bell’s palsy?

A

contralateral facial droop

35
Q

why is hyperacusis a symptom of facial nerve damage?

A

because facial nerve is connected to stapedius muscle which plays a role in acoustic reflex

36
Q

purpose of vestibulocochlear nerve? (2)

A
  • hearing (hair cells in cochlea)
  • balance (hair cells in SCCs)
37
Q

slide 264

A

also cant

38
Q

symptoms of glossopharyngeal nerve damage? (3)

A
  • glossopharyngeal neuralgia (nerve pain)
  • allodynia (pain for nonpainful stimulus)
  • difficulty swallowing
39
Q

what are the 3 special efferent branches of the vagus nerve? which aspects of speech are they related to?

A
  1. pharyngeal (resonance)
  2. superior laryngeal
  3. recurrent laryngeal (phonation)
40
Q

which parasympa organs does the vagus nerve innervate? is this afferent or efferent?

A
  • heart, lungs, intestines etc
  • efferent
41
Q

symptoms of vagus nerve damage? (3)

A
  • dysphagia
  • dysphonia
  • palatal asymmetry
42
Q

which muscles are related to the accessory nerve? (2)

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
43
Q

symptoms of hypoglossal nerve damage?

A
  • tongue protrusion toward weak side
  • fasciculations
44
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A
  • most muscles of tongue
  • only genioglossus is not bilaterally innervated

slp1502: anatomy (16 decks)

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