neuro lec 2

Question 1

order the following from having the greatest to the least number of neurons:

dog, cat, lobster, human, fruit fly, octopus, whales, elephants

Answer 1

• whales/elephants?
• human
• octopus
• dog
• cat
• fruit fly
• lobster

Question 2

is the cerebral cortex white or grey matter?

Answer 2

grey matter

Question 3

why is gyrification important?

Answer 3

allows for a large surface in a small skull

Question 4

T or F: sulci are functional borders

Answer 4

false – they are just wrinkles

Question 5

what are the 3 sulci/fissures we need to know?

Answer 5

1. longitudinal fissure (separates the 2 hemispheres)
2. central/rolandic sulcus
3. lateral/sylvian sulcus

Question 6

what are the 2 “hidden” lobes of the brain?

Answer 6

1. limbic (“spread the cheeks”)
2. insula

Question 7

what composes the limbic lobe? (5) what is its main function?

Answer 7

• cingulate gyrus
• hippocampus
• parahippocampal gyrus, uncus, subcallosal gyrus
• “caveman functions” like emotional drive + survival instinct

Question 8

what are the main functions of the insular lobe? (2)

Answer 8

• sensorimotor functions (apraxia)
• limbic functions

Question 9

parts of corpus callosum? (5)

Answer 9

1. anterior commissure
2. genu (knee)
3. body
4. splenium
5. fornix

Question 10

what do the lateral ventricles contain?

Answer 10

CSF

Question 11

which lobes are the precuneus and cuneus associated with?

Answer 11

• precuneus = basically parietal lobe
• cuneus = basically occipital lobe

Question 12

what is the hypophysis?

Answer 12

pituitary gland

Question 13

function of the mammillary bodies?

Answer 13

memory

Question 14

function of the parahippocampal gyrus?

Answer 14

memory

Question 15

function of the uncus?

Answer 15

smell/memory/emotion

Question 16

why is Brodmann significant?

Answer 16

created cytoarchitectonic map of brain, based on type of cells + their density

Question 17

why is Penfield significant?

Answer 17

refined the cytoarchitectonic map by zapping parts of seizure patients’ brains to determine function

Question 18

areas 41 and 42?

Answer 18

hearing (aud cortex)

Question 19

areas 44 and 45?

Answer 19

motor speech (broca’s = 44)

Question 20

areas 1, 2, and 3?

Answer 20

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 21

area 4?

Answer 21

primary motor area (execution)

Question 22

area 6?

Answer 22

premotor area (planning for primary motor area, moderated by cerebellum/basal ganglia/thalamus)

Question 23

area 17?

Answer 23

primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)

Question 24

what does a secondary/association area do?

Answer 24

gives more complex details

Question 25

secondary/association area of area 4?

Answer 25

6, 9/10 (dorsal prefrontal region, STM, EF), 11 (orbital prefrontal region, personality/emotions/social behaviours), 44

Question 26

secondary/association area of areas 1, 2, and 3?

Answer 26

7, 39, 40

Question 27

secondary/association area of area 42?

Answer 27

22

Question 28

secondary/association area of area 17?

Answer 28

18, 19

Question 29

what do split brain patients teach us about brain hemisphere communication?

Answer 29

that our brains function independently and they’re very redundant

Question 30

what is somatotopic organization?

Answer 30

correspondance of area of body to area of brain

Question 31

how are the sensory and motor homunculi different?

Answer 31

• sensory = small hands/face, big trunk/legs
• motor = big hands/face, small trunk/legs

Question 32

parts of the inferior frontal gyrus? (3)

Answer 32

1. pars triangularis
2. pars orbitalis
3. pars opercularis

Question 33

T or F: the motor homunculus is “pure”

Answer 33

false – there are neurons controlling the wrist in the finger section / redundant muscle representation

Question 34

T or F: the motor homunculus is static

Answer 34

false – sensitive to environmental change