neuro lec 2 Flashcards

1
Q

order the following from having the greatest to the least number of neurons:

dog, cat, lobster, human, fruit fly, octopus, whales, elephants

A
  • whales/elephants?
  • human
  • octopus
  • dog
  • cat
  • fruit fly
  • lobster
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2
Q

is the cerebral cortex white or grey matter?

A

grey matter

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3
Q

why is gyrification important?

A

allows for a large surface in a small skull

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4
Q

T or F: sulci are functional borders

A

false – they are just wrinkles

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5
Q

what are the 3 sulci/fissures we need to know?

A
  1. longitudinal fissure (separates the 2 hemispheres)
  2. central/rolandic sulcus
  3. lateral/sylvian sulcus
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6
Q

what are the 2 “hidden” lobes of the brain?

A
  1. limbic (“spread the cheeks”)
  2. insula
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7
Q

what composes the limbic lobe? (5) what is its main function?

A
  • cingulate gyrus
  • hippocampus
  • parahippocampal gyrus, uncus, subcallosal gyrus
  • “caveman functions” like emotional drive + survival instinct
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8
Q

what are the main functions of the insular lobe? (2)

A
  • sensorimotor functions (apraxia)
  • limbic functions
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9
Q

parts of corpus callosum? (5)

A
  1. anterior commissure
  2. genu (knee)
  3. body
  4. splenium
  5. fornix
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10
Q

what do the lateral ventricles contain?

A

CSF

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11
Q

which lobes are the precuneus and cuneus associated with?

A
  • precuneus = basically parietal lobe
  • cuneus = basically occipital lobe
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12
Q

what is the hypophysis?

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

function of the mammillary bodies?

A

memory

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14
Q

function of the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

memory

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15
Q

function of the uncus?

A

smell/memory/emotion

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16
Q

why is Brodmann significant?

A

created cytoarchitectonic map of brain, based on type of cells + their density

17
Q

why is Penfield significant?

A

refined the cytoarchitectonic map by zapping parts of seizure patients’ brains to determine function

18
Q

areas 41 and 42?

A

hearing (aud cortex)

19
Q

areas 44 and 45?

A

motor speech (broca’s = 44)

20
Q

areas 1, 2, and 3?

A

primary somatosensory cortex

21
Q

area 4?

A

primary motor area (execution)

22
Q

area 6?

A

premotor area (planning for primary motor area, moderated by cerebellum/basal ganglia/thalamus)

23
Q

area 17?

A

primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)

24
Q

what does a secondary/association area do?

A

gives more complex details

25
Q

secondary/association area of area 4?

A

6, 9/10 (dorsal prefrontal region, STM, EF), 11 (orbital prefrontal region, personality/emotions/social behaviours), 44

26
Q

secondary/association area of areas 1, 2, and 3?

A

7, 39, 40

27
Q

secondary/association area of area 42?

A

22

28
Q

secondary/association area of area 17?

A

18, 19

29
Q

what do split brain patients teach us about brain hemisphere communication?

A

that our brains function independently and they’re very redundant

30
Q

what is somatotopic organization?

A

correspondance of area of body to area of brain

31
Q

how are the sensory and motor homunculi different?

A
  • sensory = small hands/face, big trunk/legs
  • motor = big hands/face, small trunk/legs
32
Q

parts of the inferior frontal gyrus? (3)

A
  1. pars triangularis
  2. pars orbitalis
  3. pars opercularis
33
Q

T or F: the motor homunculus is “pure”

A

false – there are neurons controlling the wrist in the finger section / redundant muscle representation

34
Q

T or F: the motor homunculus is static

A

false – sensitive to environmental change