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slp1502: anatomy > neuro lec 3 > Flashcards

neuro lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the postcentral gyrus contain? how is it organized?

A
  • contains primary somatosensory cortex 1, 2, 3
  • somatotopically organized / sensory homunculus (precental gyrus = motor)
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2
Q

what is phantom limb? what is one explanation for it? who is more at risk, old or young people?

A
  • phantom limb: when you lose a limb but feel like it’s still there
  • explanation: if limb occupies large part of homunculus those neurons may continue to be active despite the limb being gone
  • older people more at risk bc young = more brain reorganization
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3
Q

which 4 areas does the parietal lobe consist of?

A
  • supramarginal gyrus (40)
  • angular gyrus (39)
  • superior parietal lobule (5)
  • inferior parietal lobule (7)
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4
Q

functions of superior parietal lobule? (5)

A
  • complex perceptual experience (stereoagnosia)
  • sensory loss on CONTRA side
  • constructional skills (drawing/copying)
  • spatial orientation
  • memory deficits (episodic/event memory)
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5
Q

reading braille, activities like the “shapes bag” and deaf-blind communication all require activity in the…

A

superior parietal lobule

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6
Q

what is hemispatial or unilateral neglect?

A
  • behaving as if the left side of sensory space is nonexistent (usually post-stroke)
  • examples: clock drawing only showing 12-6, denying ownership of a limb)
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7
Q

parts of inferior parietal lobule? (2)

A
  • angular gyrus: recognizing written letters
  • supramarginal gyrus: sounding letters out
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8
Q

define alexia, agraphia, and acalculia

A
  • alexia: inability to read
  • agraphia: inability to write
  • acalculia: inability to do math
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9
Q

what are the 5 parts of the temporal lobe?

A
  • superior temporal gyrus
  • primary aud cortex (heschl’s gyrus)
  • wernicke’s area
  • middle temporal gyrus
  • inferior temporal gyrus
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10
Q

how is the primary aud cortex organized?

A
  • tonotopically
  • anterior = low freqs
  • posterior = high freqs
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11
Q

what are the symptoms of having a lesion in wernicke’s area?

A

can speak but speech is incoherent

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12
Q

parts of occipital lobe? (4)

A
  • calcarine sulcus/fissure
  • fusiform gyrus
  • lingual gyrus
  • cuneus
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13
Q

primary function of occipital lobe?

A

primary visual cortex

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14
Q

what is cortical blindness? what about homonomous hemianopsia?

A
  • cortical blindness: blindess due to brain damage (normal eyes)
  • homonomous hemianopsia: blindness in visual field opposite from lesion
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15
Q

lesion above calcarine fissure = loss of ___ visual field.
lesion below calcarine fissure = loss of ___ visual field.

A
  • lower
  • upper
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16
Q

T or F: visual agnosia, color agnosia, and prosopagnosia are problems associated with the primary visual cortex

A

false – secondary

17
Q

what makes up the cortical limbic system (4)? what about the subcortical limbic system (4)?

A
  • cortical: cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus (memory), uncus (smell/memory/emotion), subcallosal gyrus
  • subcortical: hippocampus (memory), amygdala, fornix (memory), mammillary bodies (memory/reward/emotion)
18
Q

what is the insular lobe responsible for? (2)

A
  • sensorimotor functions (eg apraxia)
  • limbic functions
19
Q

what is the limbic lobe responsible for? (2)

A
  • emotional drive
  • survival instinct
20
Q

what is the fornix made of?

A

bundle of white matter fibers

21
Q

the amygdala is ___ to the tail of the caudate nucleus

A

anterior

22
Q

T or F: we only have one amygdala

A

false – one in each hemisphere

23
Q

what happens if the amygdala is destroyed?

A

person has flat affect and cannot recognize emotions expressed in the face

24
Q

what is on top of the corpus callosum?

A

cingulate gyrus

25
Q

what is the role of the cingulate gyrus? (4)

A
  • motivation
  • decision-making
  • learning
  • conflict and error monitoring
26
Q

what is crucial to the development of secondary association areas?

A

integrated input and regulation of the thalamus

27
Q

is the thalamus made of white or grey matter?

A

grey matter

28
Q

where is the hypothalamus located relative to the thalamus?

A

inferiorly

29
Q

what are the 2 important nuclei of the thalamus and their main function?

A
  1. medial geniculate nucleus (part of aud pathway – body to A1)
  2. ventral lateral nucleus (connects to precentral motor cortex – body to V1)
30
Q

parts of hypothalamus? (3)

A
  1. mammillary bodies
  2. pituitary gland
  3. infundibular stem
31
Q

functions of hypothalamus? (2)

A
  1. control center of autonomic nervous system (the 4 Fs)
  2. maintains homeostasis

slp1502: anatomy (20 decks)

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