neuro lec 3 Flashcards
what does the postcentral gyrus contain? how is it organized?
- contains primary somatosensory cortex 1, 2, 3
- somatotopically organized / sensory homunculus (precental gyrus = motor)
what is phantom limb? what is one explanation for it? who is more at risk, old or young people?
- phantom limb: when you lose a limb but feel like it’s still there
- explanation: if limb occupies large part of homunculus those neurons may continue to be active despite the limb being gone
- older people more at risk bc young = more brain reorganization
which 4 areas does the parietal lobe consist of?
- supramarginal gyrus (40)
- angular gyrus (39)
- superior parietal lobule (5)
- inferior parietal lobule (7)
functions of superior parietal lobule? (5)
- complex perceptual experience (stereoagnosia)
- sensory loss on CONTRA side
- constructional skills (drawing/copying)
- spatial orientation
- memory deficits (episodic/event memory)
reading braille, activities like the “shapes bag” and deaf-blind communication all require activity in the…
superior parietal lobule
what is hemispatial or unilateral neglect?
- behaving as if the left side of sensory space is nonexistent (usually post-stroke)
- examples: clock drawing only showing 12-6, denying ownership of a limb)
parts of inferior parietal lobule? (2)
- angular gyrus: recognizing written letters
- supramarginal gyrus: sounding letters out
define alexia, agraphia, and acalculia
- alexia: inability to read
- agraphia: inability to write
- acalculia: inability to do math
what are the 5 parts of the temporal lobe?
- superior temporal gyrus
- primary aud cortex (heschl’s gyrus)
- wernicke’s area
- middle temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal gyrus
how is the primary aud cortex organized?
- tonotopically
- anterior = low freqs
- posterior = high freqs
what are the symptoms of having a lesion in wernicke’s area?
can speak but speech is incoherent
parts of occipital lobe? (4)
- calcarine sulcus/fissure
- fusiform gyrus
- lingual gyrus
- cuneus
primary function of occipital lobe?
primary visual cortex
what is cortical blindness? what about homonomous hemianopsia?
- cortical blindness: blindess due to brain damage (normal eyes)
- homonomous hemianopsia: blindness in visual field opposite from lesion
lesion above calcarine fissure = loss of ___ visual field.
lesion below calcarine fissure = loss of ___ visual field.
- lower
- upper
T or F: visual agnosia, color agnosia, and prosopagnosia are problems associated with the primary visual cortex
false – secondary
what makes up the cortical limbic system (4)? what about the subcortical limbic system (4)?
- cortical: cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus (memory), uncus (smell/memory/emotion), subcallosal gyrus
- subcortical: hippocampus (memory), amygdala, fornix (memory), mammillary bodies (memory/reward/emotion)
what is the insular lobe responsible for? (2)
- sensorimotor functions (eg apraxia)
- limbic functions
what is the limbic lobe responsible for? (2)
- emotional drive
- survival instinct
what is the fornix made of?
bundle of white matter fibers
the amygdala is ___ to the tail of the caudate nucleus
anterior
T or F: we only have one amygdala
false – one in each hemisphere
what happens if the amygdala is destroyed?
person has flat affect and cannot recognize emotions expressed in the face
what is on top of the corpus callosum?
cingulate gyrus
what is the role of the cingulate gyrus? (4)
- motivation
- decision-making
- learning
- conflict and error monitoring
what is crucial to the development of secondary association areas?
integrated input and regulation of the thalamus
is the thalamus made of white or grey matter?
grey matter
where is the hypothalamus located relative to the thalamus?
inferiorly
what are the 2 important nuclei of the thalamus and their main function?
- medial geniculate nucleus (part of aud pathway – body to A1)
- ventral lateral nucleus (connects to precentral motor cortex – body to V1)
parts of hypothalamus? (3)
- mammillary bodies
- pituitary gland
- infundibular stem
functions of hypothalamus? (2)
- control center of autonomic nervous system (the 4 Fs)
- maintains homeostasis
