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slp1502: anatomy > facial/oral lec 1 > Flashcards

facial/oral lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the skull?

A
  • Neurocranium
  • Viscerocranium
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2
Q

What are the 4 unpaired bones of the neurocranium?

A
  1. Ethmoid
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Frontal
  4. Occipital
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3
Q

What are the 2 paired bones of the neurocranium? (4 total)

A
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
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4
Q

What are the 4 parts of the frontal bone?

A
  1. Zygomatic process
  2. Orbital portion
  3. Nasal portion
  4. Coronal suture
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5
Q

How does hydrocephalus relate to the coronal suture?

A

Hydrocephalus happens in children, who do not have coronal suture yet – lack of suture allows swelling of head

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6
Q

What are the 6 main parts of the sphenoid bone?

A
  1. Lesser wings: on top of optic canal
  2. Greater wings: part of orbit, articulate with frontal and temporal bones
  3. Medial pterygoid process
  4. Lateral pterygoid processes
  5. Pterygoid hamulus: point of attachment for muscles and ligaments
  6. Sella turcica/hypophyseal fossa: between two lesser wings, location of pituitary gland
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7
Q

Functions of sphenoid bone? (4)

A
  1. Gives skull rigidity
  2. Optic canal: optic nerve
  3. Foramen ovale: trigeminal nerve – mandibular branch
  4. Foramen rotundum: trigeminal nerve – maxillary branch
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8
Q

Parts of ethmoid bone? (5)

A
  1. Crista galli: superior portion, protrudes into cranial cavity and attaches dura mater
  2. Perpendicular plate: superior part of nasal septum
  3. Middle nasal conchae
  4. Superior nasal conchae
  5. Cribriform plate: small holes for smell nerves
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9
Q

What is falx cerebri?

A

Dura mater between the two hemispheres

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10
Q

What are the 2 unpaired bones of the viscerocranium?

A
  • Mandible
  • Vomer
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11
Q

What are the 6 paired bones of the Viscerocranium? (12 total)

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Nasal
  3. Palatine
  4. Lacrimal
  5. Zygomatic
  6. Inferior nasal conchae (only nasal not part of ethmoid)
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12
Q

What is the only moveable bone of the skull? When does it fuse?

A
  • Mandible
  • During first year after birth
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13
Q

Parts of mandible? (7)

A
  1. Mental symphysis + protuberance (where fuses)
  2. Alveolar process (attaches teeth)
  3. Lingula (helps locate mental and mandibular foramen – mental nerve = part of mandibular trigeminal nerve)
  4. Ramus (attaches masseter and medial pterygoid)
  5. Coronoid process (attaches temporalis – anterior ramus)
  6. Condylar process (part of TMJ – posterior and superior ramus)
  7. Mandibular notch (between the two processes)
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14
Q

What is micrognathia? What does it affect?

A
  • Undersized jaw
  • Affects swallowing, articulation, may cause tongue to fall back into throat or stick out of mouth
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15
Q

What are the 5 maxillary bones visible from an anterior view?

A
  1. Frontal process (meets frontal bone)
  2. Infraorbital foramen (maxillary trigeminal nerve)
  3. Zygomatic process
  4. Nasal spine and notch
  5. Alveolar process/ridge (teeth)
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16
Q

What are the 3 maxillary structures visible from a medial view?

A
  1. Maxillary sinus
  2. Palatine process
  3. Alveolar process/ridge
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17
Q

What are the 4 maxillary structures visible from an inferior view?

A
  1. Bilateral palatine process
  2. Intermaxillary suture (cleft palate)
  3. Transverse palatine suture
  4. Premaxilla (cleft lip)
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18
Q

What are the small L-shaped bones called? What are its three parts? What does it compose (2)?

A
  • Palatine bone
  • Horizontal plate (posterior ¼ of hard palate), perpendicular plate, nasal crest
  • Composes lateral wall + floor of nasal cavity and posterior wall of orbit
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19
Q

Which nasal conchae is independent? What is between the three conchae?

A
  • Inferior = independent
  • In between = superior, middle, and inferior meatuses
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20
Q

Functions of the conchae?

A

Warming, humidifying, and cleaning incoming air

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21
Q

What does the vomer divide? What does it form? When does it start and stop growing?

A
  • Divides nasal cavity
  • Forms inferior and posterior nasal septum
  • Starts growing during fetal stage, may continue until puberty
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22
Q

What does the complete nasal septum consist of? (3)

A
  • Vomer
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
  • Septal cartilage
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23
Q

What does the vomer provide a connection to? (3)

A
  • Sphenoid bone
  • palatine bone
  • maxillary bone
24
Q

What forms the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal process (of zygomatic bone) connecting to zygomatic process (of temporal bone)

25
Q

Define frontal process, maxillary process, and temporal process

A
  • Frontal process: where zygo bone meets frontal + sphenoid bones
  • Maxillary process: where zygo bone meets maxillary bone
  • Temporal process: where zygo bone meets temporal bone, anterior half of arch
26
Q

What is the hyoid bone attached to?

A

nothing! It’s a floating bone

27
Q

what does the hyoid do for articulation and swallowing muscles?

A

Serves as anchor point for them

28
Q

What is the vallecula?

A

Depression where hyoid bone, tongue, and epiglottis meet

29
Q

Where are teeth housed? (don’t say mouth lol)

A

In the alveoli of the mandible and maxilla

30
Q

How many primary vs permanent teeth do we develop?

A
  • Primary: 20
  • Permanent: 32
31
Q

What is the biting surface called?

A

occlusal surface

32
Q

What is the part of the teeth toward the tongue called?

A

Lingual surface

33
Q

What is the part of the teeth toward the lips called?

A

Labial surface

34
Q

What is the part of the teeth toward the cheeks called?

A

Buccal surface

35
Q

What is the part of the teeth toward adjacent teeth called?

A

Approximal surface

36
Q

How many incisors do we have? When do they erupt? When are they replaced?

A
  • 4 on top, 4 on bottom
  • 6 months
  • 6-8 years
37
Q

How many canines do we have? When do they erupt? When are they replaced?

A
  • 2 on top, 2 on bottom
  • 16-20 months
  • 9-12 years
38
Q

how many premolars do we have? any primary? when do they erupt?

A
  • 2 x 4
  • no primary
  • erupt around 10-11 years
39
Q

how many molars do adults vs kids have? when do primary vs permanent erupt?

A
  • ADULTS: 3 on top (right), 3 on top (left), 3 on bottom (right), 3 on bottom (left)
  • KIDS: 2 on top (right), 2 on top (left), 2 on bottom (right), 2 on bottom (left)
  • first: primary 12-15 months, permanent 6 years
  • next: permanent around 11-13 years
  • third/wisdom: 18-20 years or not at all
40
Q

diff bw class 1 vs 2 vs 3 occlusion?

A
  • class 1: normal position
  • class 2: overbite + receding chin (most common)
  • class 3: underbite + protruding jaw (sometimes in down syndrome)
41
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: Primitive face is made up of 5 swellings. what are they?

A
  1. frontonasal prominence
  2. 2 maxillary prominences
  3. 2 mandibular prominences
42
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what does the frontonasal prominence make up? (5)

A
  • frontal = forehead
  • nasal = nose, philtrum, medial upper lip, premaxilla
43
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what do the maxillary prominences make up (4)? which arch do they come from?

A
  • upper jaw, lateral upper lip, hard palate, upper cheeks
  • arch 1
44
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what do the mandibular prominences make up (3)? which arch do they come from?

A
  • lower jaw, lower lip, chin
  • arch 1
45
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what are nasal placodes? what do they develop into + at roughly how many weeks does this occur?

A
  • thickenings of the ectoderm
  • they develop into nasal pits surrounded by medial and lateral nasal prominences (7-10 weeks)
46
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what does the naso-optic furrow form?

A

nasolacrimal duct

47
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what does the primary palate (premaxilla) vs secondary palate (hard palate) form from?

A
  • primary: frontonasal prominence
  • secondary: maxillary prominences
48
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: do the two palatal shelves from inferiorly or superiorly?

A

inferiorly

49
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what happens during weeks 7-8 vs weeks 9-11?

A
  • weeks 7-8: tongue descends and palatal shelves elevate and fuse (anterior to posterior)
  • weeks 9-11: nasal septum grows inferiorly and fuses with palatine process
50
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: what happens during week 5 regarding the tongue? which arch does this happen at?

A
  • paired lateral lingual swellings develop surrounding the tongue bud
  • median sulcus is formed via merging of lateral lingual swellings
  • ultimately forms anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • arch 1
51
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: which pharyngeal arch does the mandibular arch develop from?

A

PA 1

52
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: Midline swellings of Arch 3 form _____

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

53
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: where does the hypopharyngeal eminence originate from? what does it develop into?

A
  • arches 3 and 4
  • develops into the posterior part of the tongue
54
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: how is the terminal sulcus formed?

A
  • Arch 1 and 3 merge and overgrow Arch 2
55
Q

EMBRYOLOGY: by which week is distinct tongue structure evident?

A

week 7

slp1502: anatomy (16 decks)

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