facial/oral lec 2

Question 1

what are the 3 primary cavities of the vocal tract?

Answer 1

1. nasal
2. oral
3. pharyngeal

Question 2

where does the pharyngeal cavity start and end?

Answer 2

• starts: base of skull
• ends: superior border of cricoid cartilage (larynx)

Question 3

where does the nasal cavity start and end?

Answer 3

• starts: anterior nostrils
• ends: posterior nasal choana

Question 4

what is the velopharyngeal port?

Answer 4

division between naso and oropharynx

Question 5

where does the oral cavity start and end?

Answer 5

• starts: anterior lips
• ends: posterior palatoglossal arches

Question 6

where is the epiglottis? what does it divide?

Answer 6

• at base of tongue
• divides oro and laryngopharynx

Question 7

where does the laryngeal cavity start and end?

Answer 7

• starts: superior epiglottis
• ends: inferior cricoid cartilage

Question 8

what are muscle fibres activated by?

Answer 8

motor (lower) neurons

Question 9

what is an origin vs insertion?

Answer 9

• origin: usually proximal and immobile, where the muscle begins
• insertion: usually distal and mobile, where the muscle ends

Question 10

how do muscles attach to bones? (2)

Answer 10

• tendons
• aponeuroses

Question 11

T or F: muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing.

Answer 11

false – contraction only!

Question 12

T or F: Muscles can have BOTH agonist and antagonist roles (e.g., biceps and triceps) depending if they are causing or counteracting a movement.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what are the muscles of the face innervated by? (2)

Answer 13

• CN VII (facial) – mainly motor
• CN V (trigeminal) – mainy sensory, some motor for mastication

Question 14

what is the modiolus?

Answer 14

• where many facial muscles attach (corner of mouth)
• small circle of connective tissue “hub of a wheel”

Question 15

what are the “other” muscles of facial expression that do not clearly fit in the elevator or depressor category? (3)

Answer 15

• orbicularis oris
• risorius
• buccinator

Question 16

what does the risorius do?

Answer 16

pulls the corner of the mouth laterally like a grin or smile

Question 17

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 17

keeps the cheeks firm for blowing, sucking, and keeping food in the oral cavity during chewing

Question 18

what does the depressor anguli oris do?

Answer 18

depresses corner of mouth and assists in lip closure

Question 19

what does the depressor labii inferioris do?

Answer 19

pulls lip inferiorly and laterally

Question 20

what does the levator anguli oris do?

Answer 20

raises corner of mouth and assists in lip closure

Question 21

what does the levator labii superioris do?

Answer 21

elevates upper lip and opens nostrils

Question 22

what does the mentalis do?

Answer 22

depresses and protrudes lower lip

Question 23

what does the orbicularis oris do?

Answer 23

closes and puckers lips

Question 24

what does the platysma do?

Answer 24

tenses lower face and neck + depresses lower corners of mouth

Question 25

diff bw zygomaticus major vs minor?

Answer 25

• major: raises corner of mouth
• minor: elevates upper lip

Question 26

what is the antagonist of the risorius?

Answer 26

none ;)