facial/oral lec 2 Flashcards
what are the 3 primary cavities of the vocal tract?
- nasal
- oral
- pharyngeal
where does the pharyngeal cavity start and end?
- starts: base of skull
- ends: superior border of cricoid cartilage (larynx)
where does the nasal cavity start and end?
- starts: anterior nostrils
- ends: posterior nasal choana
what is the velopharyngeal port?
division between naso and oropharynx
where does the oral cavity start and end?
- starts: anterior lips
- ends: posterior palatoglossal arches
where is the epiglottis? what does it divide?
- at base of tongue
- divides oro and laryngopharynx
where does the laryngeal cavity start and end?
- starts: superior epiglottis
- ends: inferior cricoid cartilage
what are muscle fibres activated by?
motor (lower) neurons
what is an origin vs insertion?
- origin: usually proximal and immobile, where the muscle begins
- insertion: usually distal and mobile, where the muscle ends
how do muscles attach to bones? (2)
- tendons
- aponeuroses
T or F: muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing.
false – contraction only!
T or F: Muscles can have BOTH agonist and antagonist roles (e.g., biceps and triceps) depending if they are causing or counteracting a movement.
true
what are the muscles of the face innervated by? (2)
- CN VII (facial) – mainly motor
- CN V (trigeminal) – mainy sensory, some motor for mastication
what is the modiolus?
- where many facial muscles attach (corner of mouth)
- small circle of connective tissue “hub of a wheel”
what are the “other” muscles of facial expression that do not clearly fit in the elevator or depressor category? (3)
- orbicularis oris
- risorius
- buccinator
what does the risorius do?
pulls the corner of the mouth laterally like a grin or smile
what does the buccinator do?
keeps the cheeks firm for blowing, sucking, and keeping food in the oral cavity during chewing
what does the depressor anguli oris do?
depresses corner of mouth and assists in lip closure
what does the depressor labii inferioris do?
pulls lip inferiorly and laterally
what does the levator anguli oris do?
raises corner of mouth and assists in lip closure
what does the levator labii superioris do?
elevates upper lip and opens nostrils
what does the mentalis do?
depresses and protrudes lower lip
what does the orbicularis oris do?
closes and puckers lips
what does the platysma do?
tenses lower face and neck + depresses lower corners of mouth
diff bw zygomaticus major vs minor?
- major: raises corner of mouth
- minor: elevates upper lip
what is the antagonist of the risorius?
none ;)
