facial/oral lec 3

Question 1

You have 3 sets of tonsils. What are they called and where are they?

Answer 1

1. Palatine Tonsils – Lateral surface of the oropharynx
2. Adenoids – Lateral surface of the nasopharynx
3. Lingual Tonsils – Pharyngeal surface of the tongue

Question 2

Why would removing the adenoids help with ear infections?

Answer 2

They may be large enough to partially occlude the eustachian tube and prevent aeration.

Question 3

Why would removing the adenoids help with snoring?

Answer 3

They may be large enough to partially occlude the nasopharynx, cause a narrow constriction, negative air pressure, and vibration of soft tissue (snoring).

Question 4

Why might removing the adenoids cause hypernasality?

Answer 4

They used to help seal the velopharyngeal port. If they are missing, the other muscles will have to compensate.

Question 5

T or F: the tongue is completely in the oral cavity

Answer 5

false – 2/3 in oral cavity, 1/3 in oropharynx

Question 6

what are papilla

Answer 6

bumps on tongue

Question 7

what does the median sulcus vs terminal sulcus divide the tongue into?

Answer 7

• median: left and right
• terminal: body from base

Question 8

are the base of the tongue and the root different?

Answer 8

• Root: inferior part of the tongue that attaches to the floor of the mouth
• Base: post terminal sulcus – forms anterior wall of the pharynx

Question 9

what does the foramen cecum develop into embryologically?

Answer 9

thyroid gland

Question 10

the lingual frenulum is on the ___ surface of the tongue while the lingual tonsils are on the ___ surface.

Answer 10

• inferior
• pharyngeal

Question 11

what is the purpose of the lingual frenulum? what is ankyloglossia?

Answer 11

• lingual frenulum is connective tissue with anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth
• ankyloglossia: tongue tip is anchored to floor of mouth

Question 12

what is a hydrostat?

Answer 12

• creates movement + provides skeletal support for that movement
• composed primarily of incompressible liquid

Question 13

T or F: the tongue muscles are paired, each with a right and left component. each half is controlled by the ipsilateral half of primary motor cortex through corticobulbar tract/hypoglossal cranial nerve

Answer 13

false – CONTRALATERAL

Question 14

T or F: when one side of tongue is paralyzed/weak, the tongue will push toward the strong side upon protrusion.

Answer 14

false – WEAK SIDE

Question 15

study tables 12.4, 12.5

Question 16

T or F: the velum is also called the soft palate and it extends anteriorly from the hard palate

Answer 16

false – POSTERIORLY

Question 17

does the velum contain bones or cartilage?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

The velum is like a curtain that hides/separates the ___ cavity from the ___ cavity. Like a curtain, it can open or close.

Answer 18

nasal, oral

Question 19

Most of the muscles of the velum have their insertion or origin on the ______.

Answer 19

palatal aponeurosis

Question 20

The palatal aponeurosis is part of the ____ muscle and runs along the middle of the velum where muscles of the right and left velum fuse together.

Answer 20

levator veli palatini

Question 21

T or F: All the muscles of the velum are paired muscles, each with a right and left component. Often only one side is paralyzed (uvula will tilt toward weak side)

Answer 21

false – STRONG

Question 22

study table 12.3

Question 23

where is the palatoglossus in relation to the palatine tonsil? what about the palatopharyngeus?

Answer 23

• anterior
• posterior

Question 24

Imagine you are laughing with your friends at lunch and you accidentally squirt milk through your nose. Which muscle failed?

Answer 24

levator veli palatini

Question 25

what are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 25

1. inferior longitudinal
2. superior longitudinal
3. transverse
4. vertical

Question 26

what are the 5 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 26

1. chondroglossus
2. genioglossus
3. hyoglossus
4. styloglossus
5. palatoglossus

Question 27

what are the 2 elevators of the velum?

Answer 27

1. levator veli palatini
2. muscularis uvulae

Question 28

what are the 2 depressors of the velum?

Answer 28

1. palatoglossus
2. palatopharyngeus

Question 29

what does the tensor veli palatini do?

Answer 29

dilates ET and tenses palate (does not lift it)