facial/oral lec 3 Flashcards
You have 3 sets of tonsils. What are they called and where are they?
- Palatine Tonsils – Lateral surface of the oropharynx
- Adenoids – Lateral surface of the nasopharynx
- Lingual Tonsils – Pharyngeal surface of the tongue
Why would removing the adenoids help with ear infections?
They may be large enough to partially occlude the eustachian tube and prevent aeration.
Why would removing the adenoids help with snoring?
They may be large enough to partially occlude the nasopharynx, cause a narrow constriction, negative air pressure, and vibration of soft tissue (snoring).
Why might removing the adenoids cause hypernasality?
They used to help seal the velopharyngeal port. If they are missing, the other muscles will have to compensate.
T or F: the tongue is completely in the oral cavity
false – 2/3 in oral cavity, 1/3 in oropharynx
what are papilla
bumps on tongue
what does the median sulcus vs terminal sulcus divide the tongue into?
- median: left and right
- terminal: body from base
are the base of the tongue and the root different?
- Root: inferior part of the tongue that attaches to the floor of the mouth
- Base: post terminal sulcus – forms anterior wall of the pharynx
what does the foramen cecum develop into embryologically?
thyroid gland
the lingual frenulum is on the ___ surface of the tongue while the lingual tonsils are on the ___ surface.
- inferior
- pharyngeal
what is the purpose of the lingual frenulum? what is ankyloglossia?
- lingual frenulum is connective tissue with anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth
- ankyloglossia: tongue tip is anchored to floor of mouth
what is a hydrostat?
- creates movement + provides skeletal support for that movement
- composed primarily of incompressible liquid
T or F: the tongue muscles are paired, each with a right and left component. each half is controlled by the ipsilateral half of primary motor cortex through corticobulbar tract/hypoglossal cranial nerve
false – CONTRALATERAL
T or F: when one side of tongue is paralyzed/weak, the tongue will push toward the strong side upon protrusion.
false – WEAK SIDE
study tables 12.4, 12.5
T or F: the velum is also called the soft palate and it extends anteriorly from the hard palate
false – POSTERIORLY
does the velum contain bones or cartilage?
no
The velum is like a curtain that hides/separates the ___ cavity from the ___ cavity. Like a curtain, it can open or close.
nasal, oral
Most of the muscles of the velum have their insertion or origin on the ______.
palatal aponeurosis
The palatal aponeurosis is part of the ____ muscle and runs along the middle of the velum where muscles of the right and left velum fuse together.
levator veli palatini
T or F: All the muscles of the velum are paired muscles, each with a right and left component. Often only one side is paralyzed (uvula will tilt toward weak side)
false – STRONG
study table 12.3
where is the palatoglossus in relation to the palatine tonsil? what about the palatopharyngeus?
- anterior
- posterior
Imagine you are laughing with your friends at lunch and you accidentally squirt milk through your nose. Which muscle failed?
levator veli palatini
what are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- inferior longitudinal
- superior longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
what are the 5 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- chondroglossus
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
what are the 2 elevators of the velum?
- levator veli palatini
- muscularis uvulae
what are the 2 depressors of the velum?
- palatoglossus
- palatopharyngeus
what does the tensor veli palatini do?
dilates ET and tenses palate (does not lift it)
