resp lec 1 Flashcards
what are the 4 main functions of respiration?
- regulating body temp
- gas exchange
- speech
- voice
approx how much air pressure is necessary for quiet conversational speech?
5cm H2O
ventilation means…
moving air
perfusion means…
to pour over or through
diffusion means…
- spread of particles through random motion from higher to lower concentration
- i.e., gas is exchanged from alveolus to capillary
what does quiet inspiration require the contraction of? (1)
diaphragm
what does forced inspiration require the contraction of? (2)
- diaphragm
- accessory muscles
what does passive expiration require? (3)
- torque: costal cartilage twists ribs back to resting position
- elasticity: recoil
- gravity: ribs settle down
what does active expiration require the contraction of? (2)
- thoracic muscles
- abdominal muscles
does lifting/elevating the ribs make the volume inside the lungs larger or smaller?
larger
during inspiration, which directions do the ribs move in? (3)
- superiorly
- anteriorly
- laterally
how does boyle’s law relate to the lungs?
- an increase in lung volume = a decrease in lung pressure = air moves in
- a decrease in lung volume = an increase in lung pressure = air moves out
when the diaphragm is contracting, lung volume is ___, pressure is ____, and you are ____.
increasing
decreasing
inhaling
when the diaphragm is relaxing, lung volume is ___, pressure is ____, and you are ____.
decreasing
increasing
exhaling
what % of the time is spent inhaling and exhaling during speech vs non-speech?
- speech: 10% inhal, 90% exhal
- non-speech: 40% inhal, 60% exhal
what makes up the upper resp system? (3)
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
what makes up the lower resp system? (3)
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
which parts make up the conductive/cartilaginous zones? (2)
- trachea
- mainstem bronchi
which parts make up the resp zones (3)
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
- capillaries
whats the key diff bw conductive vs resp zones?
resp zones do gas exchange
approx how many alveoli do we have?
300 million
approx how many ml of dead air do we have?
150ml
what does the arrangement of the conchae and meatuses increase?
surface area of nasal cavity
how much of the nose is cartilage vs bone?
2/3 cartilage, 1/3 bone
3 main functions of nose?
- warm, moisten, filter air
- detect smell
- modify speech vibrations