Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

slp1502: anatomy > neuro lec 5 > Flashcards

neuro lec 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Diff bw arterial vs venous system?

A
  • Arterial: supplies oxygenated blood to brain, includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries.
  • Venous: removes deoxygenated blood from brain back to heart/lungs, includes venules, veins, sinuses.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do brain cells require constant oxygen and glucose?

A

Because brain does not store these things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diff bw systolic vs diastolic pressure?

A
  • Systolic = away from heart
  • Diastolic = passive return of blood towards heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the parts of the internal carotid system? (2)

A
  • Anterior cerebral arteries
  • Middle cerebral arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the parts of the vertebrobasilar system? (2)

A
  • cerebellar arteries (several)
  • Right and left vertebral arteries form the basilar artery at the level of the pons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A
  • Where the basilar artery joins the internal carotid system at the base of the brain
  • Allows for collateral circulation (alternative routes in case of blockage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whats the connection bw vertebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Vertebral arteries go into the skull from the neck and join together into the basilar artery which then joins the circle of willis and turns into the posterior cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whats the connection bw the internal carotid and the anterior/middle cerebral arteries?

A

Internal carotid go into the skull from the front of the neck and joins the circle of willis becoming the anterior/middle cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of blood do superior cerebral veins receive? Where do they drain into (3)?

A
  • Deoxygenated blood from cortical surfaces
  • Drain into superior and inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and transverse sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do deep cerebral veins drain? Where do they converge?

A
  • Drain deep structures of brain
  • Converge on internal cerebral veins – inferior sagittal sinus above 3rd ventricle, continue into straight and sigmoid sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Superior and deep cerebral veins join at the confluence of sinuses and empty into the internal ____.

A

Jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which sinus receives blood from the frontal, parietal, and occipital veins?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which sinus drains the medial aspects of the frontal lobe and cingulate gyri?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which sinus is posterior and superior to the cerebellum?

A

Straight sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which sinus is lateral to the cerebellum and runs in the grooves of the occipital bone and squamous temporal bone?

A

Transverse sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The great cerebral vein continues into the ____ sinus, which then drains into the ____ sinus.

A
  • Straight
  • Sigmoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of blood brain barrier (BBB)? (2)

A
  • Protects brain against toxic substances and allows essential nutrients in
  • Protect against abnormal variations in concentration of ions and molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 cortical arteries? Which one is largest?

A
  1. Anterior cerebral artery
  2. Middle cerebral artery (largest)
  3. Posterior cerebral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery start/stop? What does it do?

A
  • Emerges through lateral fissure onto lateral surface of brain
  • Supplies sensory and motor cortices to arms, hands, and face…
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the posterior cerebral artery? What does it do?

A
  • Splits from basilar artery to go laterally to inferior temporal lobe and caudally occipital lobe
  • Supplies occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe, thalamus, midbrain (visual processing, relay station)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a cerebrovascular accident?

A

Stroke – brain cells die b/c deprived of oxygen and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an occlusive/ischemic stroke? How common are they?

A
  • When something plugs/blocks the artery to prevent blood flow
  • 80-90% of all strokes
23
Q

What is atherosclerosis? What type of stroke does it fall under?

A
  • hardening of artery walls as junk/fat build up (leads to thrombosis or embolism)
  • Occlusive stroke
24
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack? What type of stroke does it fall under?

A
  • temporary interruption of blood flow for a few minutes to an hour
  • Occlusive stroke
25
Q

What is thrombosis? What type of stroke does it fall under?

A
  • complete blockage of blood vessel (most common)
  • Occlusive stroke
26
Q

What is embolism? What type of stroke does it fall under?

A
  • chunk of undissolved substance narrows or plugs a blood vessel
  • Occlusive stroke
27
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A
  • bleeding or rupture of blood vessels under pressure
28
Q

What is an extracerebral vs intracerebral hemorrhage?

A
  • Extra = within meninges
  • Intra = within cortex
29
Q

What are the 3 types of extracerebral hemorrhages?

A
  1. Epidural: under skull
  2. Subdural: under dura mater
  3. Subarachnoid: under arachnoid mater
30
Q

What is an aneurism? Is this considered extra or intracerebral?

A
  • Balloon in weakened artery wall which may rupture
  • Intracerebral
31
Q

What is one risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes?

A

High blood pressure

32
Q

What is an arteriovenous malformation? Is it common?

A
  • Present at birth – tangles which may cause seizures/headaches/hemorrhage
  • Rare
33
Q

Diff bw embolism vs thrombosis vs atherosclerosis?

A
  • Embolism = floating clots
  • Thrombosis = full blockage
  • Atherosclerosis = partial blockage
34
Q

functions of meninges? (5)

A
  • Protect the brain
  • Maintain brain in fluid suspension/cushion
  • Hold structures in place during movement
  • Provide nutrients (CSF)
  • Passageway for blood vessels (arachnoid mater)
35
Q

what are the 4 layers of the meninges?

A
  1. skull
  2. dura mater (tough)
  3. arachnoid mater (spider)
  4. pia mater (tender)
36
Q

which layer of meninges makes direct contact w brain’s surface?

A

pia mater

37
Q

which layer of meninges forms sinuses for venous blood drainage?

A

dura mater

38
Q

where is the epidural space?

A

between the outer layer of the dura mater and the inner surface of the skull or vertebral canal

39
Q

where is the subdural space?

A

between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

40
Q

where is the subarachnoid space?

A

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

41
Q

where is CSF located?

A

subarachnoid space + circulates around the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

what is a hematoma?

A

abnormal collection of blood

43
Q

function of ventricles? how many do we have in our brains?

A
  • circulate CSF
  • 4
44
Q

the ventricle system is interconnected to the ____ space thru ____ in the ____ ventricle

A
  • subarachnoid
  • foramen
  • 4th
45
Q

what are the 2 paired lateral ventricles connected by?

A

interventricular foramen

46
Q

where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

diencephalon

47
Q

where is the 4th ventricle?

A

dorsal pons and medulla

48
Q

what are the 3rd and 4th ventricles connected by?

A

cerebral aqueduct

49
Q

what is the CSF produced by?

A

choroid plexus (present in each ventricle)

50
Q

where does CSF drain? how much of it is produced daily?

A
  • into the venous system of the blood supply
  • 500ml a day
51
Q

parts of lateral ventricle? (3)

A
  • anterior horn
  • posterior horn
  • inferior horn
52
Q

CSF absorbs __% of the brain’s weight

A

95

53
Q

T or F: CSF gets reabsorbed

A

true – reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations that dump into sagittal sinus

54
Q

what is hydrocephalus?

A
  • increased fluid and decreased drainage/reabsorption in head
  • results in enlarged ventricles and enlarged cranium, esp in children since fontanelles

slp1502: anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions