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slp1502: anatomy > neuro lec 1 > Flashcards

neuro lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the central (2) vs peripheral (3) nervous systems?

A
  • central: brain, spinal cord
  • peripheral: 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, autonomic and sensory ganglia
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2
Q

where approx does the spinal cord end?

A

lumbar vertebrae

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3
Q

afferent vs efferent nerves?

A
  • afferent: bring sensory info to brain
  • efferent: send motor innervation to muscles
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4
Q

T or F: neurons in the CNS can regenerate

A

false (Wallerian degeneration)

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5
Q

T or F: neurons in the PNS can regenerate

A

true (cranial and spinal)

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6
Q

in the PNS, which cells guide axon sprouts back together for regeneration?

A

schwann cells

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7
Q

diff bw somatic vs autonomic nervous system?

A
  • somatic: voluntary body functions, divided into motor and sensory system
  • autonomic: involuntary body functions, divided into sympa (ForF) and parasympa (R&D) system
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8
Q

what are the anatomical/embryological divisions of the brain (5)?

A
  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
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9
Q

parts of telencephalon?

A
  • cerebral hemispheres
  • basal ganglia
  • parts of limbic system
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10
Q

parts of diencephalon?

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • subthalamus
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11
Q

parts of mesencephalon?

A
  • midbrain
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12
Q

parts of myelencephalon?

A
  • medulla oblongata
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13
Q

where are cell bodies located for motor neurons? what about sensory neurons?

A
  • motor neurons: cell bodies in spinal cord
  • sensory neurons: cell bodies outside of spinal cord
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14
Q

what are the 2 main CNS descending tracts?

A
  • pyramidal
  • extrapyramidal
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15
Q

what are the 2 tracts of the pyramidal tract?

A
  • corticospinal
  • corticobulbar
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16
Q

damage to upper motor neurons = damage to lateral side of body. on the other hand, damage to lower motor neurons = damage to lateral side of body.

A
  • contralateral
  • ipsilateral
17
Q

where do corticobulbar neurons orignate from? where do they synapse?

A
  • originate from cerebral cortex
  • synapse in brainstem
18
Q

where do corticospinal neurons originate from? where do they synapse?

A
  • originate from cerebral cortex
  • synapse in spinal cord
19
Q

where does the extrapyramidal tract originate? what does it control?

A
  • originates from brainstem
  • controls involuntary movements for tone and balance (which facilitates voluntary movements)
20
Q

is pyramidal “local” or “express”? what about extrapyramidal?

A
  • pyramidal = express (conscious)
  • extrapyramidal = local (unconscious)
21
Q

sympa cell bodies are in which regions of the spinal cord? what about parasympa?

A
  • sympa = thoracic and lumbar
  • parasympa = brainstem and sacral
22
Q

which part of the neuron makes up grey vs white matter?

A
  • grey = neuron cell bodies
  • white = myelinated axons
23
Q

what are groups of cell bodies called in the CNS vs PNS?

A
  • CNS: nuclei
  • PNS: ganglia
24
Q

what are groups of axons called in the CNS vs PNS?

A
  • CNS: tract/fasciculus/commissure
  • PNS: nerves
25
Q

is the corpus callosum white or grey matter?

A

white

26
Q

is the basal ganglia white or grey matter?

A

grey

27
Q

is the thalamus white or grey matter?

A

grey

28
Q

are the pyramids of the medulla oblongata white or grey matter?

A

white

29
Q

unmyelinated neurons tend to be long or short? what are these usually for?

A
  • short
  • touch, heat, pain
30
Q

what is released into the synaptic cleft?

A

neurotransmitter

31
Q

T or F: 1 neuron makes contact with 1 synapse

A

false – one neuron may make contact with up to 10,000 synapses

32
Q

which glial cells are in CNS vs PNS?

A
  • CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia
  • PNS: schwann cells
33
Q

parts of metencephalon?

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons

slp1502: anatomy (16 decks)

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