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slp1502: anatomy > laryng 2 > Flashcards

laryng 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which pharyngeal arches do the laryngeal cartilages develop from?

A

4, 6

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2
Q

The laryngotracheal groove/inlet develops the ______ which grow towards the ______ (hypopharyngeal eminence) and form the T-shaped ______.

A
  • Arytenoid swellings
  • Tongue
  • Laryngeal inlet
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3
Q

Which part of the hypopharyngeal eminence does the epiglottis develop from? Which arch is associated?

A
  • Caudal part
  • Arch 4
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4
Q

Which nerve is PA4 innervated by? Which muscles are associated?

A
  • CN X (superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve)
  • Cricothyroid
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5
Q

Which nerve is PA6 innervated by? Which muscles are associated?

A
  • CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve)
  • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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6
Q

What are the 2 categories of extrinsic larynx muscles?

A
  1. Elevators
  2. Depressors
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7
Q

What are the 4 categories of intrinsic larynx muscles?

A
  1. Adductors
  2. Abductors
  3. Pitch/tensor
  4. Epiglottis movers
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8
Q

What is the clinical importance of laryngeal elevation?

A

Decreases risk of aspiration

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9
Q

What are the 5 laryngeal elevators?

A
  1. Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
  5. Hyoglossus
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10
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of anterior and posterior belly?

A
  • Anterior: mandible / hyoid tendon / CN V (trigeminal)
  • Posterior: mastoid / hyoid tendon / CN VII (facial)
  • Action: pulls hyoid up to help swallow and open mouth
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11
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of stylohyoid?

A
  • Styloid process
  • Hyoid bone
  • CN VII (facial)
  • Action: elevates hyoid
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12
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of mylohyoid (fan)?

A
  • Mandible
  • Hyoid
  • CN V (trigeminal)
  • Opens jaw, elevates hyoid
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13
Q

Where do the two fans of the mylohyoid meet?

A

Median fibrous raphe

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14
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of geniohyoid?

A
  • Mandible
  • Hyoid
  • CN XII (hypoglossal)
  • Opens jaw, elevates hyoid
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15
Q

What is the “sandwich” that makes the jaw?

A
  • Anterior belly
  • Mylohyoid (fan)
  • Geniohyoid (twins)
  • Genioglossus
  • Tongue
    (bottom to top)
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16
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of hyoglossus?

A
  • Hyoid
  • Tongue
  • CN XII (hypoglossal)
  • Depresses tongue or elevates hyoid
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17
Q

When you say “ah” at the doctor and pull your tongue down flat and low, you are contracting the right and left _____

A

Hyoglossus

18
Q

What are the 4 laryngeal depressors?

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Sternothyroid
    “three hyoids, one thyroid”
19
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of omohyoid?

A
  • Scapula
  • Hyoid
  • C1-C3
  • Depresses hyoid, pulls larynx down
20
Q

3 parts of omohyoid?

A
  1. Inferior belly (o: scapula, i: tendon)
  2. Superior belly (o: tendon, i: hyoid)
  3. Intermediate tendon
21
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of sternohyoid?

A
  • Manubrium (sternum) + sternoclavicular joint
  • Hyoid
  • C1-C3
  • Depresses hyoid, pulls larynx down
22
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of sternothyroid?

A
  • Manubrium (sternum)
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • C2-C3
  • Depresses hyoid, pulls larynx down
23
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action of thyrohyoid?

A
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Hyoid
  • C1
  • Depresses and fixes hyoid and larynx + raises larynx during swallowing
24
Q

How many extrinsic larynx muscles total?

A

9

25
Q

How many intrinsic larynx muscles total?

A

8

26
Q

Why are there more adductors than abductors? (2)

A
  1. Airway protection
  2. System is open at rest
27
Q

2 parts of thyroarytenoid muscle + origin/insertion/action of each?

A
  1. Thyromuscularis: o = anterior commissure of thyroid cartilage, i = muscular process of arytenoids, action = VF adduction
  2. Thyrovocalis: o = anterior commissure of thyroid cartilage, i = vocal process of arytenoids, action = lowers pitch by making VFs less tense (thicker) when NOT counteracted by other muscles / raises pitch by making VFs more tense if counteracted by other muscles
28
Q

Origin/insertion/action of cricothyroid?

A
  • Cricoid
  • Thyroid lamina
  • Tensor: rotates thyroid cartilage, lengthens VFs (+tension)
  • Changes pitch (big changes)
29
Q

T or F: the thyrovocalis and cricothyroid work opposite of each other

A

true

30
Q

Origin/insertion/action of the 2 parts of the interarytenoid muscle?

A
  1. Oblique fibres: o = arytenoid base, i = opposite arytenoid apex
  2. Transverse fibres: o = vertical length of arytenoid, i = vertical length of opposite arytenoid

Action: adductors (of arytenoids + VFs)

31
Q

Are the oblique and transverse fibers paired or unpaired?

A
  • Oblique = paired
  • Transverse = unpaired
32
Q

Origin/insertion/action of lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)?

A
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
  • Adductor (pulls muscular process anterolaterally + vocal process comes together, linking VFs)
33
Q

Where is the LCA muscle located?

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage

34
Q

Origin/insertion/action of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)?

A
  • Cricoid lamina (posterior)
  • Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
  • ONLY VF ABDUCTOR (moves vocal process laterally)
35
Q

Origin/insertion/action of thyroepiglottic muscle?

A
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis + aryepiglottic fold
  • Widens laryngeal vestibule (no effect on VFs)
36
Q

Origin/insertion/action of aryepiglottic muscle?

A
  • Arytenoid apex
  • Lateral border of epiglottis/aryepliglottic fold
  • Pulls epiglottis down to close airway
37
Q

What is the space b/w the two VFs called? Where are they located in relation to the ventricular folds (false VFs)? What position are they in at rest?

A
  • Glottis
  • Inferior
  • Abducted (for breathing)
38
Q

5 layers of the VFs?

A
  1. Epithelium (basement membrane = adhesion protein zone)
  2. Superficial lamina propria (jelly)
  3. Intermediate lamina propria
  4. Deep lamina propria
  5. Vocalis muscle (stiffest)
39
Q

What serves as the transition between the two outer layers of the VFs and the vocalis muscle?

A

Vocal ligament

40
Q

List what nerves V, VII, X, XII, and C1-C3 innervate?

A
  • 5: mylohyoid, digastric anterior
  • 7: stylohyoid, digastric posterior
  • 10: all other laryngeal muscles
  • 12: geniohyoid, hyoglossus, thyrohyoid
  • C1-C3: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid
41
Q

T or F: all larynx intrinsic muscles are innervated by CN XII

A

False – CN X (vagus)

42
Q

3 branches of vagus nerve?

A
  1. Pharyngeal (motor, soft palate)
  2. Superior laryngeal (motor, cricothyroid + sensory, epiglottis, tongue, larynx)
  3. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (motor, intrisics except cricothyroid + sensory, subglottal structures)

slp1502: anatomy (19 decks)

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