Surgical Conditions

Question 1

what does SOCRATES stand for?

Answer 1

site
onset
character
radiate
associations
time course
exacerbate/relieving
severity

Question 2

how to determine pain levels?

Answer 2

0-10
wong baker faces scale
WHO analgesic ladder

Question 3

what is a weak opiate?

Answer 3

codeine/dihydrocodeine/co codamol

Question 4

what is a moderate opiate?

Answer 4

tramadol

Question 5

what is a strong opiate?

Answer 5

morphine

oxycodene

Question 6

what is diclofenac and what can it cause?

Answer 6

NSAID

contra indicated in cardiovascular disease

Question 7

what might opiates cause?

Answer 7

respiratory destruction

induce toxicity/reduced consciousness/hypotensive/muscle spasm/seizure

Question 8

have caution of NSAIDs and?

Answer 8

hepatic impairement/may cause renal failure

Question 9

avoid NSAIDs and?

Answer 9

pregnancy/ GI ulceration/GORD

Question 10

NSAIDs may worsen symptoms of?

Answer 10

asthma

Question 11

when might haemorrhages happen post operatively?

Answer 11

0-48 hours = reactionary haemorrhage - slipped ligature/clot disoldged/BP rise - commonest at 4-6 hours post op
secondary haemorrhage - 7-14 days post op - infection or eroded vessel

Question 12

what is post op hypotension?

Answer 12

bleeding/dehydration/sepsis/opiate overload/spinal anaesthesia

Question 13

what is pyrexia?

Answer 13

temp over 37.5 degrees - check bloods/urine/swabs/echo

Question 14

what kind of superficial dehisences can happen?

Answer 14

superficial - burst sutute
deep - same with haematoma
infection

Question 15

how to treat delirium?

Answer 15

sedation/halopenol 0.5-1mg 1-2 hours : not if pt has parkinsons/lewly body dementia/acute intoxication with alcohol

Question 16

what might cause urinary retention?

Answer 16

after GA
enlarged prostate
UTI
constipation

Question 17

when is nausea common and what can it cause?

Answer 17

post op
tx with anti emetics
may cause mallory weiss tears/dehydration/electrolyte disturbance

Question 18

what is hypokalaemia?

Answer 18

direct effect of renal compensation for acid loss = can cause cardiac arhhythmia

Question 19

what is a mallory weiss tear?

Answer 19

repeat or profuse vomitting causes a tear in the junction of the stomach and oseophagus
associated with hiatus hernia/NSAID
can present as haematemesis/maleana

Question 20

what is immediate surgery?

Answer 20

life/limb/organ saving intervention

Question 21

urgent surgery is?

Answer 21

intervention for acute onset/cinical deterioration of life threatning conditions

Question 22

expedited surgery?

Answer 22

pt needs early tx where conditions are not an immediate threat to life

Question 23

what is elective surgery?p

Answer 23

planned/booked surgery in advance

Question 24

what is done at a pre assesment?

Answer 24

before a GA
for patients with co morbidities
review anaesthetics

Question 25

how to prep for surgery?

Answer 25

IV fluids
diabetic pt management
anti emetics
DVT risk?

Question 26

what do fasted pts need?

what might they cause?

Answer 26

fluids
electrolyte imbalance
affects coagulation

Question 27

what is a DVT?

Answer 27

common in over 60 years
active cancer/lower limb surgery/significant inflammatory condition
prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin
tx with enxaporin

Question 28

what does SBAR stand for?

Answer 28

situation
background
assesment
recommendation