Liver Disease Flashcards
what are some functions of the liver?
protein/carbohydrate/lipid/bile acid/bilirubin/hormone and drug metabolism
immunological defence
what is jaundice?
hyperbilirubineamia
what types of liver disease causing jaundice?
acute liver disease
chronic liver disease
jaundice secondary to biliary obstruction
what are some clinical features of jaundice?
jaundice pale stools dark urine conjugated bilirubin itch letharygy/malaise anorexia features of underlying disease
what goes wrong in jaundice?
increased production
failure of excretion - defective conjugation hepatocyte, defective delivery to cannulicus hepatocyte
blockage of bile ducts intra and or extra hepatic biliary tree
causes of jaundice? increased production?
haemolysis
ineffective erythropoiesis
what are causes of jaundice? congenital?
unconjugated - gilberts/crigler - najjar, conjugated - dubin johnson, rotor syndrome
intra hepatic causes of cholestatic jaundice?
viral hepatitis drugs aloholic hepatitis cirrhosis pregnancy misc
extra hepatic causes of cholestatic jaundice?
gall stones in CBD carcinoma pancreatitis biliary structure scelorsing cholangitis
what are liver function tests?
ALT/AST
alkaline phosphatase
GGT
what are true liver function tests?
bilirubin
albumin
prothrombin time
how is hep a virus?
faecal oral spread
poor hygiene/overcrowding
food/water contamination causes large outbreaks
some cases imported
how to control hep a?
hygiene
pre exposure prophylaxis
post exposure prophylaxis
clinical features of hep a?
acute illness
manage with rest/low fat diet and alcohol avoidance
how is hep b transmitted?
blood
sex
mother to child
