Dermatology

Question 1

what is acne?

Answer 1

disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus

peaks in adolescence

Question 2

what causes acne?

Answer 2

excess sebum secretion
hormones
obstructuion of pilosebaceous duct
bacteria
drugs

Question 3

how to treat acne?

Answer 3

local abrasives
topical antibiotics
topical vitamin a analogues
isotretinoin

Question 4

what is rosecea?

Answer 4

affects face of adults
flushing erythema/telangectasia, inflammed papules, pustules
may be associated with conjunctivitis

Question 5

what might rosecea be triggered by?

Answer 5

spicy food
stress
alcohol
temp change
sunlight

Question 6

how to treat rosacea?

Answer 6

avoid triggering factors
antibiotics - topical +/- systemic
cosmetic camouflage
laser 
isotretinoin

Question 7

what should you avoid treating a rosacea pt with?

Answer 7

topical steroids

Question 8

what is impetigo?

Answer 8

caused by staph or strep
contagious
exudate and yellow crusting
may blister

tx - antibiotics

Question 9

what may impetigo trigger?

Answer 9

glomerulonephritis

Question 10

what is folliculitis?

Answer 10

superficial infection of hair follicle
Staph aureus
papules/pustules + 1-2mm of erythema

Question 11

what is a furuncle?

Answer 11

boil/small perifollicular abscess - follicle destroyed
staph aureus
tender/inflamed

Question 12

what is a stye?

Answer 12

a furuncle affecting the sebaceous gland of the eye margin

Question 13

what is a carbuncle?

Answer 13

a 3-10cm nodule

Question 14

what is erysipelas?

Answer 14

form of cellulitis
group a beta haemolytic strep
spreading red edge,sharp line of demarcation
discomfort/fever/malaise
tx with systemic antibiotic

Question 15

what are viral warts caused by?

Answer 15

HPV

Question 16

how to warts resolve?

Answer 16

on their own

by cryotherapy

Question 17

what is molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 17

DNA pox virus
umbilicated papules
may become secondary infected
resolve spont/cryotherapy

Question 18

what is hand foot and mouth caused by?

Answer 18

coxsakie A virus
vesicles with red halos @ hands/feet, erosions in mouth
resolves in 2 weeks

Question 19

what is dermatophyte?

Answer 19

cause ringworm/tinea at various body sites
itchy, erythematous scaly plaque with peripheral spread or boggy pustular area with hair loss
may be masked with use of topical steroids

Question 20

dermatophyte treatment?

Answer 20

skin scrapings
woods lamp exam
topical plus/minus systemic antifungals

Question 21

what is acute eczema?

Answer 21

red swollen papules/vesicles

Question 22

what is chronic eczema?

Answer 22

scaly pigmented thickened accentuated skin markings

Question 23

what two forms may eczema be?

Answer 23

endogenous - atopic/varicose eczema

exogenous - allergic contact/dermatitis etc

Question 24

how is eczema treated?

Answer 24

may be come superinfected

avoid irritants, moisturise, steroids, UVL

Question 25

how is patch testing done?

Answer 25

allergens applied to finn chambers - applied to back for 24 hours

Question 26

what is psoirasis?

Answer 26

chronic non inflammatory disease well demarcated scaly plaques different clinical patterns

Question 27

where does psoriasis commonly affect?

Answer 27

scalp/hairline | nails - pitting/subungal hyperkeratosis

Question 28

psoriasis treatments?

Answer 28

tar, dithranol,vit D creams, phototherapy, systemic immunosuppresants

Question 29

what is lichen planus?

Answer 29

icthy violaceous flat topped pustules on wrists and legs 50% have oral involvement may be genital involvement rare ulcerative mucosal form may lead to malignancy

Question 30

what is bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 30

autoimmune large tense blisters on erythematous base mouth rarely affected IgG antibodies bind to basement membrane

Question 31

what is cicatrical pemphigoid? | tx?

Answer 31

blisters/ulcers affecting mucous membranes lesions heal with scarring 1/3 pt's have skin involvement steroids plus/minus immunosuppresants

Question 32

what is pemphigus vulgaris? | tx?

Answer 32

life threatning autoimmune disease IgG antibodies bind to intercellular cement. Flacid blisters/erosions oral lesions pathognomonic - high dose steroids/immunosuppressives

Question 33

what is erythema multiforme?

Answer 33

reactive state | variety of triggers - herpes simplex/other infections, drugs, cancers, radiotherapy, CT disease

Question 34

what lesions are seen in erythema multiforme?

Answer 34

``` -lesion - limbs/palms/sores mouth involvement bullae may form usually self limiting - Steven Johnsosn syndrome - acute onset with severe mucosal involvement, systemic disturbance, risk of renal failure and bronchopneumonia ```

Question 35

actinic keratoses and bowens disease are more common in what patients?

Answer 35

high risk if pt immunosuppressed

Question 36

what is actinic keratoses?

Answer 36

hyperkeratotic lesions on sun exposed skin | can progress to squamous cell cancer - not common

Question 37

what is bowens disease?

Answer 37

intra epidermal squamous cell cancer common on lower legs face, dorsal of hands etc