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CMS > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what is acne?

A

disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus

peaks in adolescence

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2
Q

what causes acne?

A 
excess sebum secretion
hormones
obstructuion of pilosebaceous duct
bacteria
drugs
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3
Q

how to treat acne?

A

local abrasives
topical antibiotics
topical vitamin a analogues
isotretinoin

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4
Q

what is rosecea?

A

affects face of adults
flushing erythema/telangectasia, inflammed papules, pustules
may be associated with conjunctivitis

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5
Q

what might rosecea be triggered by?

A 
spicy food
stress
alcohol
temp change
sunlight
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6
Q

how to treat rosacea?

A 
avoid triggering factors
antibiotics - topical +/- systemic
cosmetic camouflage
laser 
isotretinoin
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7
Q

what should you avoid treating a rosacea pt with?

A

topical steroids

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8
Q

what is impetigo?

A

caused by staph or strep
contagious
exudate and yellow crusting
may blister

tx - antibiotics

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9
Q

what may impetigo trigger?

A

glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

what is folliculitis?

A

superficial infection of hair follicle
Staph aureus
papules/pustules + 1-2mm of erythema

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11
Q

what is a furuncle?

A

boil/small perifollicular abscess - follicle destroyed
staph aureus
tender/inflamed

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12
Q

what is a stye?

A

a furuncle affecting the sebaceous gland of the eye margin

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13
Q

what is a carbuncle?

A

a 3-10cm nodule

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14
Q

what is erysipelas?

A 
form of cellulitis
group a beta haemolytic strep
spreading red edge,sharp line of demarcation
discomfort/fever/malaise
tx with systemic antibiotic
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15
Q

what are viral warts caused by?

A

HPV

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16
Q

how to warts resolve?

A

on their own

by cryotherapy

17
Q

what is molluscum contagiosum?

A

DNA pox virus
umbilicated papules
may become secondary infected
resolve spont/cryotherapy

18
Q

what is hand foot and mouth caused by?

A

coxsakie A virus
vesicles with red halos @ hands/feet, erosions in mouth
resolves in 2 weeks

19
Q

what is dermatophyte?

A

cause ringworm/tinea at various body sites
itchy, erythematous scaly plaque with peripheral spread or boggy pustular area with hair loss
may be masked with use of topical steroids

20
Q

dermatophyte treatment?

A

skin scrapings
woods lamp exam
topical plus/minus systemic antifungals

21
Q

what is acute eczema?

A

red swollen papules/vesicles

22
Q

what is chronic eczema?

A

scaly pigmented thickened accentuated skin markings

23
Q

what two forms may eczema be?

A

endogenous - atopic/varicose eczema

exogenous - allergic contact/dermatitis etc

24
Q

how is eczema treated?

A

may be come superinfected

avoid irritants, moisturise, steroids, UVL

25
Q

how is patch testing done?

A

allergens applied to finn chambers - applied to back for 24 hours

26
Q

what is psoirasis?

A

chronic non inflammatory disease
well demarcated scaly plaques
different clinical patterns

27
Q

where does psoriasis commonly affect?

A

scalp/hairline

nails - pitting/subungal hyperkeratosis

28
Q

psoriasis treatments?

A

tar, dithranol,vit D creams, phototherapy, systemic immunosuppresants

29
Q

what is lichen planus?

A

icthy violaceous flat topped pustules on wrists and legs
50% have oral involvement
may be genital involvement
rare ulcerative mucosal form may lead to malignancy

30
Q

what is bullous pemphigoid?

A

autoimmune
large tense blisters on erythematous base
mouth rarely affected
IgG antibodies bind to basement membrane

31
Q

what is cicatrical pemphigoid?

tx?

A

blisters/ulcers affecting mucous membranes
lesions heal with scarring
1/3 pt’s have skin involvement
steroids plus/minus immunosuppresants

32
Q

what is pemphigus vulgaris?

tx?

A

life threatning autoimmune disease
IgG antibodies bind to intercellular cement. Flacid blisters/erosions
oral lesions pathognomonic
- high dose steroids/immunosuppressives

33
Q

what is erythema multiforme?

A

reactive state

variety of triggers - herpes simplex/other infections, drugs, cancers, radiotherapy, CT disease

34
Q

what lesions are seen in erythema multiforme?

A 
-lesion - limbs/palms/sores
mouth involvement
bullae may form
usually self limiting
- Steven Johnsosn syndrome - acute onset with severe mucosal involvement, systemic disturbance, risk of renal failure and bronchopneumonia
35
Q

actinic keratoses and bowens disease are more common in what patients?

A

high risk if pt immunosuppressed

36
Q

what is actinic keratoses?

A

hyperkeratotic lesions on sun exposed skin

can progress to squamous cell cancer - not common

37
Q

what is bowens disease?

A

intra epidermal squamous cell cancer
common on lower legs
face, dorsal of hands etc

CMS (42 decks)

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