Dermatology Flashcards
what is acne?
disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus
peaks in adolescence
what causes acne?
excess sebum secretion hormones obstructuion of pilosebaceous duct bacteria drugs
how to treat acne?
local abrasives
topical antibiotics
topical vitamin a analogues
isotretinoin
what is rosecea?
affects face of adults
flushing erythema/telangectasia, inflammed papules, pustules
may be associated with conjunctivitis
what might rosecea be triggered by?
spicy food stress alcohol temp change sunlight
how to treat rosacea?
avoid triggering factors antibiotics - topical +/- systemic cosmetic camouflage laser isotretinoin
what should you avoid treating a rosacea pt with?
topical steroids
what is impetigo?
caused by staph or strep
contagious
exudate and yellow crusting
may blister
tx - antibiotics
what may impetigo trigger?
glomerulonephritis
what is folliculitis?
superficial infection of hair follicle
Staph aureus
papules/pustules + 1-2mm of erythema
what is a furuncle?
boil/small perifollicular abscess - follicle destroyed
staph aureus
tender/inflamed
what is a stye?
a furuncle affecting the sebaceous gland of the eye margin
what is a carbuncle?
a 3-10cm nodule
what is erysipelas?
form of cellulitis group a beta haemolytic strep spreading red edge,sharp line of demarcation discomfort/fever/malaise tx with systemic antibiotic
what are viral warts caused by?
HPV
how to warts resolve?
on their own
by cryotherapy
what is molluscum contagiosum?
DNA pox virus
umbilicated papules
may become secondary infected
resolve spont/cryotherapy
what is hand foot and mouth caused by?
coxsakie A virus
vesicles with red halos @ hands/feet, erosions in mouth
resolves in 2 weeks
what is dermatophyte?
cause ringworm/tinea at various body sites
itchy, erythematous scaly plaque with peripheral spread or boggy pustular area with hair loss
may be masked with use of topical steroids
dermatophyte treatment?
skin scrapings
woods lamp exam
topical plus/minus systemic antifungals
what is acute eczema?
red swollen papules/vesicles
what is chronic eczema?
scaly pigmented thickened accentuated skin markings
what two forms may eczema be?
endogenous - atopic/varicose eczema
exogenous - allergic contact/dermatitis etc
how is eczema treated?
may be come superinfected
avoid irritants, moisturise, steroids, UVL
how is patch testing done?
allergens applied to finn chambers - applied to back for 24 hours
what is psoirasis?
chronic non inflammatory disease
well demarcated scaly plaques
different clinical patterns
where does psoriasis commonly affect?
scalp/hairline
nails - pitting/subungal hyperkeratosis
psoriasis treatments?
tar, dithranol,vit D creams, phototherapy, systemic immunosuppresants
what is lichen planus?
icthy violaceous flat topped pustules on wrists and legs
50% have oral involvement
may be genital involvement
rare ulcerative mucosal form may lead to malignancy
what is bullous pemphigoid?
autoimmune
large tense blisters on erythematous base
mouth rarely affected
IgG antibodies bind to basement membrane
what is cicatrical pemphigoid?
tx?
blisters/ulcers affecting mucous membranes
lesions heal with scarring
1/3 pt’s have skin involvement
steroids plus/minus immunosuppresants
what is pemphigus vulgaris?
tx?
life threatning autoimmune disease
IgG antibodies bind to intercellular cement. Flacid blisters/erosions
oral lesions pathognomonic
- high dose steroids/immunosuppressives
what is erythema multiforme?
reactive state
variety of triggers - herpes simplex/other infections, drugs, cancers, radiotherapy, CT disease
what lesions are seen in erythema multiforme?
-lesion - limbs/palms/sores mouth involvement bullae may form usually self limiting - Steven Johnsosn syndrome - acute onset with severe mucosal involvement, systemic disturbance, risk of renal failure and bronchopneumonia
actinic keratoses and bowens disease are more common in what patients?
high risk if pt immunosuppressed
what is actinic keratoses?
hyperkeratotic lesions on sun exposed skin
can progress to squamous cell cancer - not common
what is bowens disease?
intra epidermal squamous cell cancer
common on lower legs
face, dorsal of hands etc
