Dysphagia

Question 1

what are the stages of normal swallow?

Answer 1

pre swallow
oral prep
oral stage
pharyngeal stage
oseophageal stage

Question 2

what happens during oral prep?

Answer 2

voluntary, pleasurable stage. Tasting

bollus formed, kept at front of mouth

Question 3

what is the oral stage?

Answer 3

voluntary
food is moved to the back of the mouth via the a to p tongue movement
1 second long

Question 4

whats is the pharyngeal stage?

Answer 4

involuntary

valves direct food to pharynx and through to oseophagus

Question 5

what happens during pharyngeal phase to get food through the pharynx?

Answer 5

velopharyngeal valve - prevents entry to nasal cavity
base of tongue to pharyngeal wall contact generates pressure
airway closure
oncophyarygneal valve

Question 6

what is the oseophageal stage?

Answer 6

larynx lowers back to normal position
CP contracts = prevents reflux
resp resumes
8-20 seconds

Question 7

what changes occur with aging that affect the ability to swallow?

Answer 7

increased frequency of dipper swallow instead of tipper
delayed pharyngeal elicitation
loss of muscle reserve
increased frequency of laryngeal penetration

Question 8

What can cause dysphagia in the elderly?

Answer 8

dementia
parkinsons
cerebrovascular attacks
poor oral hygiene
thrush
end of life

Question 9

what can cause dysphagia in young people?

Answer 9

burns
head injury
degenerative neurological disorders