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Medical Emergencies Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what is adrenal insufficiency?

A

after prolonged therapy with corticosteroids

a patient with adrenal insufficiency may become hypotensive under the stress of the dentist

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2
Q

what is adrenal insufficiency?

A

after prolonged therapy with corticosteroids

a patient with adrenal insufficiency may become hypotensive under the stress of the dentist

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3
Q

management of adrenal insufficiency?

A

lie flat
give 02
transfer to hospital

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4
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

severe allergic reaction
dentistry - admin of drug/after contact with gloves (latex)
more rapid onset and more profound reaction

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5
Q

signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

parasthesia, fluhing, swelling of face
gen itching - esp hands and feet
bronhcospasm, wheeszing, difficulty breathing
rapid weak pulse, fall in bp, pallor, cardiac arrest

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6
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis?

A 
secure airway
restore bp by lying flat and raise feet
unconscious = recovery position
adrenaline
02 
hospital
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7
Q

amount of adrenaline?

child

A
  1. 5ml adrenaline-repeat at 5 min intervals if necessary
  2. 15mL
  3. 3mL
  4. 5mL
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8
Q

asthma attack, responds to?

A

2 puffs of beta 2 agonist salbutamol 100mg

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9
Q

if pt unstable how to use inhaler?

A

use a large volume spacer

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10
Q

what is moderate acute asthma?

A

able to speak

resp breathes/min

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11
Q

mild acute asthma pulse
adult?
child 2-5?
child 5-12?

A
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12
Q

peak flow of adult in mod acute asthma?

child 5-12?

A

> 50% Of predicted best

>50%

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13
Q

arterial stats in mod acute asthma should be?

monitor response for how long?

A

> 92%

15-30 mins

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14
Q

severe acute asthma?

A

cant complete sentences in one breath

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15
Q

s.acute resp/min
adult
2-5yrs
5-12yrs

A

25
>40
>30

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16
Q

s.acute pule
adult
2-5
5-12

A

> 110
140
125

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17
Q

o2 sats s.acute?

A

> 92%

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18
Q

what is the peak flow in severe acute asthma?

A

33-50% of predicted best

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19
Q

what is life threatning acute asthma?

A 
silent chest, feeble resp effot, cyanosis
hypotension
bradychardia
arrythmia
exhaustion
agitation
reduced level of consciousness
peak flow less than 33%
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20
Q

treatment of acute asthma?

A

high flow o2

inhaled short action beta2 via spacer

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21
Q

what is cardiac arrhythmia?

A

sudden reduction in CO and loss of consciousness

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22
Q

what is the pain of MI similar to?

A

that of angina

more severe and prolonged

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23
Q

MI signs/symptoms?

A

progressive onset of severe crushing pain across front of chest - pain may radiate to shoulder and down arm or into neck or jaw
skin becomes pale and clammy
naseua/vomitting are common
pulse - weak, bp may fall

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24
Q

drugs for MI?

A

o2
sublingual gtn may relieve pain
300 mg aspirin

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25
Q

what to do when pt having epileptic fit?

A 
ensure pt not at risk 
nothing in mouth
02
dont restrain
when conscious = recovery position
midazolam if seizure over 5 mins
26
Q

management of adrenal insufficiency?

A

lie flat
give 02
transfer to hospital

27
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

severe allergic reaction
dentistry - admin of drug/after contact with gloves (latex)
more rapid onset and more profound reaction

28
Q

signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

parasthesia, fluhing, swelling of face
gen itching - esp hands and feet
bronhcospasm, wheeszing, difficulty breathing
rapid weak pulse, fall in bp, pallor, cardiac arrest

29
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis?

A 
secure airway
restore bp by lying flat and raise feet
unconscious = recovery position
adrenaline
02 
hospital
30
Q

amount of adrenaline?

child

A
  1. 5ml adrenaline-repeat at 5 min intervals if necessary
  2. 15mL
  3. 3mL
  4. 5mL
31
Q

asthma attack, responds to?

A

2 puffs of beta 2 agonist salbutamol 100mg

32
Q

if pt unstable how to use inhaler?

A

use a large volume spacer

33
Q

what is moderate acute asthma?

A

able to speak

resp breathes/min

34
Q

mild acute asthma pulse
adult?
child 2-5?
child 5-12?

A
35
Q

peak flow of adult in mod acute asthma?

child 5-12?

A

> 50% Of predicted best

>50%

36
Q

arterial stats in mod acute asthma should be?

monitor response for how long?

A

> 92%

15-30 mins

37
Q

severe acute asthma?

A

cant complete sentences in one breath

38
Q

s.acute resp/min
adult
2-5yrs
5-12yrs

A

25
>40
>30

39
Q

s.acute pule
adult
2-5
5-12

A

> 110
140
125

40
Q

o2 sats s.acute?

A

> 92%

41
Q

what is the peak flow in severe acute asthma?

A

33-50% of predicted best

42
Q

what is life threatning acute asthma?

A 
silent chest, feeble resp effot, cyanosis
hypotension
bradychardia
arrythmia
exhaustion
agitation
reduced level of consciousness
peak flow less than 33%
43
Q

treatment of acute asthma?

A

high flow o2

inhaled short action beta2 via spacer

44
Q

what is cardiac arrhythmia?

A

sudden reduction in CO and loss of consciousness

45
Q

what is the pain of MI similar to?

A

that of angina

more severe and prolonged

46
Q

MI signs/symptoms?

A

progressive onset of severe crushing pain across front of chest - pain may radiate to shoulder and down arm or into neck or jaw
skin becomes pale and clammy
naseua/vomitting are common
pulse - weak, bp may fall

47
Q

drugs for MI?

A

o2
sublingual gtn may relieve pain
300 mg aspirin

48
Q

what to do when pt having epileptic fit?

A 
ensure pt not at risk 
nothing in mouth
02
dont restrain
when conscious = recovery position
midazolam if seizure over 5 mins
49
Q

hypoglycaemia signs/symptoms?

A 
shaking/trembling - sweating
pins and needles in lip/tongue 
hunger - palpitation
headache - double vision
difficulty in concentration
speech slurred
confusion
change of behaviour 
could be unconscious
50
Q

give what for a hypoglycaemic attack?

A

glucose 10-20g by mouth
10g glucose from diet lucozade, coca cola, ribena
if necessary repeat every ten to fifteen mins

51
Q

if pt unconscious give what?

A

1M/1mg glucagon

52
Q

what is syncope?

A

insufficient blood suppply to brain = loss of consciousness

53
Q

what is the most common cause of vaso vagal attack?

A

faint

54
Q

fainting signs?

A 
pallor/sweating
slow pulse
nausea/vomitting
dilated pupils
muscular twitching
55
Q

tx of faint

A

lay flat
raise legs
loosen tight clothing round neck
when conscious = sweet tea

56
Q

other causes of vaso vagal attack?

A

postural hypotension

stress - hyperventilating - feel faint

57
Q

give oxygen to what patients?

what does it do?

A

hypoxaemic patients? increased alveolar tension and decrease work of breathing

58
Q

oxygen aims to achieve a normal what?

A

02 saturation

59
Q

acutely ill patients will have what o2 sat?

A

94-98%

60
Q

patients at risk of hypercaphic respiratory failure o2 sats?

A

88-92%

cms (42 decks)

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