Anaesthesia Flashcards
what IV drugs are used to induce anaesthesia?
propofol
thiopental
etomidate
what inhalation drugs are used to maintain and induce anaesthesia?
mixture of oxygen and air or nitrous oxide
what can be given as premedication and to reduce the amount of other agents needed for anaesthesia?
benzodiazepines
what are the stages of anaesthesia?
1 - Loss of consciousness
2- excitement/delirium, coughing/vomitting/struggling may occur
3- stage of surgical anaesthesia - from onset of automatic respiration to resp paralysis, laryngel reflex is lost and pupils dilate
4- cessation of resp to death
what do muscle relaxants do?
cause muscle paralysis allowing intubation and also surgical acces to body cavities
what is a short acting muscle relaxant?
long acting?
suxamethonium
atracurium
what kind of medical conditions may affect being able to be anesthatised?
cardiac resp diabetes epilepsy bleeding disorders
what cardiac problems are an issue with anaesthesia?
hypertension
angina
ischaemic heart disease
valvular heart disease
what resp problems are an inssue with anaesthesia?
COPD
asthma
what drugs may cause an issue with anaesthesia?
cardiac
inhalers
anticoagulants
what is malignant hyperthermia?
an inherited disorder of skeletal muscle only triggered by certain anaesthetic drugs
abnormal accumulation of calcium in muscle cells leads to hypermetabolism, muscle rigidity and muscle breakdown.
what are the signs of malignant hyperthermia?
unexplained increase in expired CO2 conc
unexplained tachycardia
unexplained increase in O2 requirement
temp increase
how is malignant hyerpthermia controlled?
dantrolene
active cooling of pt commenced
