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CMS > Opthamology > Flashcards

Opthamology Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what can cause cataracts?

A

age
congenital
toxic/drugs
systemic diseas

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2
Q

how are cataracts treated?

A

phacoemulsification - intra ocular lens, steroid and antibiotic drops

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3
Q

what is glaucoma?

A 
optic neuropathy
most common cause of blindness in western world in over 60s
raised intraocular pressure
acute/chronic
vision field defecits
optic disc changes
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4
Q

treatment of glaucoma?

A 
drops = decrease aqueous production
laser = raise aqueous drainage
surgery = raise aqueous drainage - trabeculectomy
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5
Q

what is ARMD?

A

age related macular degeneration
degenerative
build up of cellular waste products under the retina - drusen, atrophy - dry, or neurovascularisation - wet

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6
Q

treatment of ARMD?

A

dietary/ vitamin/antimicrobial supplements
activated laser injected drugs
IV injections - anti VEGF drugs, arrests/regresses neovascular process

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7
Q

what is diabetic eye disease caused by?

A
  1. glycaemic vessel damage
  2. leakage, microaneurysms, haemorrhages
  3. Ischaemia
  4. neovascularisation
  5. neovascular haemorrhage/fibrosis
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8
Q

what is blindness at the macula caused by?

A

leakage, micoaneurysms, haemorrhages

ischaemia

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9
Q

what is blindness at the retina caused by?

A

neovascularisation

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10
Q

how to treat diabetic eye disease?

A

glycaemic control
bp/cholesterol/aspirin
laser
vitrectomy

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11
Q

what is blepharitis?

A

edges of the eyelid are inflammed

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12
Q

what is dry eye?

A

eyes do not produce enough tears or tears evaporate too quickly

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13
Q

what is subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

bleeding under the conjunctiva

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14
Q

what is keratitis?

A

inflammation of the cornea

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15
Q

what is acute glaucoma?

A

fluid pressure rises too fast

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16
Q

what s uveitis?

A

inflammation of uvea - middle part + iris

17
Q

what is orbital cellulitis?

A

inflammation of tissues behind the orbital septum

18
Q

what forms can loss of vision present in?

A

acute/chronic

painful/painless

19
Q

what is acute/painful loss of vision?

A 
keratitis
uveitis
acute glaucoma
optic neuritis
endophthlamitis
20
Q

what is acute/painless loss of vision?

A 
retinal artery occlusion
retinal venous occlusion
ischaemic optic neuropathy 
vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment
21
Q

what is chronic painless loss of vision?

A 
refractiv error
cataract
open angle glaucoma
ARMD
diabetic
central disease
22
Q

what is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes and the mouth?

A

sjogrens
primary or secondary
affects salivary and lacrimal glands
gritty eyes, adic pupil

23
Q

what kind of mucotaneous ulcers may be seen in the eyes and the mouth?

A 
steven johnsen syndrome
pemphigoid
reiters
behcets
herpes simplex
varicella zoster
SLE
crohns
24
Q

what is Reiger syndrome?

A

chromosome 4 - epidermal growth factor
hypodontia/microdontia
maxillary hypoplasia
paraumbilical skin tag

25
Q

what is Nance Horan?

A 
cataracts
teeth abnormalities
rare
corneal opacity/microcornea
nystagmus 
mental/physical retardation
26
Q

what is oculo dental auricular malformation?

A 
rare
micropthalmia
ocular hypoplasia
ocular colobomas
wide spaced/underdeveloped teeth
27
Q

what is oro facial cardio dental syndrome?

A 
radioculomegaly
malpositioned teeth
oligodontia
congenital cataract
cardiac abnormalities
skeletal abnormalities
28
Q

what are mucopolysaccharides?

A

group of inherited disorders - hurlers/hunters
widespaced teeth, corneal opacity, pigmentory retinopathy, optic atrophy, macrocephaly
coarse, facial features, short stature, hypermobile joints

29
Q

what is stickler syndrome?

A

collagen disorder
abnormal vitreous, myopia, retinal detachment
orofacial and dental abnormalities

30
Q

what is marfans?

A 
tall thin, arachnodactyly, arm span > height
hypermobile, muscular development
high arched palate
ectopia lentis
myopia retinal detachment
iris abnormal
keratoconus
31
Q

what issues may UV lights cause to the eyes?

A

corneal burning

32
Q

what may anesthesia cause to the eyes?

A

type VI/VII palsies

33
Q

why might abscesses cause a problem with the eyes?

A

metastatic infection

CMS (42 decks)

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