Opthamology Flashcards
what can cause cataracts?
age
congenital
toxic/drugs
systemic diseas
how are cataracts treated?
phacoemulsification - intra ocular lens, steroid and antibiotic drops
what is glaucoma?
optic neuropathy most common cause of blindness in western world in over 60s raised intraocular pressure acute/chronic vision field defecits optic disc changes
treatment of glaucoma?
drops = decrease aqueous production laser = raise aqueous drainage surgery = raise aqueous drainage - trabeculectomy
what is ARMD?
age related macular degeneration
degenerative
build up of cellular waste products under the retina - drusen, atrophy - dry, or neurovascularisation - wet
treatment of ARMD?
dietary/ vitamin/antimicrobial supplements
activated laser injected drugs
IV injections - anti VEGF drugs, arrests/regresses neovascular process
what is diabetic eye disease caused by?
- glycaemic vessel damage
- leakage, microaneurysms, haemorrhages
- Ischaemia
- neovascularisation
- neovascular haemorrhage/fibrosis
what is blindness at the macula caused by?
leakage, micoaneurysms, haemorrhages
ischaemia
what is blindness at the retina caused by?
neovascularisation
how to treat diabetic eye disease?
glycaemic control
bp/cholesterol/aspirin
laser
vitrectomy
what is blepharitis?
edges of the eyelid are inflammed
what is dry eye?
eyes do not produce enough tears or tears evaporate too quickly
what is subconjunctival haemorrhage?
bleeding under the conjunctiva
what is keratitis?
inflammation of the cornea
what is acute glaucoma?
fluid pressure rises too fast
what s uveitis?
inflammation of uvea - middle part + iris
what is orbital cellulitis?
inflammation of tissues behind the orbital septum
what forms can loss of vision present in?
acute/chronic
painful/painless
what is acute/painful loss of vision?
keratitis uveitis acute glaucoma optic neuritis endophthlamitis
what is acute/painless loss of vision?
retinal artery occlusion retinal venous occlusion ischaemic optic neuropathy vitreous haemorrhage retinal detachment
what is chronic painless loss of vision?
refractiv error cataract open angle glaucoma ARMD diabetic central disease
what is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes and the mouth?
sjogrens
primary or secondary
affects salivary and lacrimal glands
gritty eyes, adic pupil
what kind of mucotaneous ulcers may be seen in the eyes and the mouth?
steven johnsen syndrome pemphigoid reiters behcets herpes simplex varicella zoster SLE crohns
what is Reiger syndrome?
chromosome 4 - epidermal growth factor
hypodontia/microdontia
maxillary hypoplasia
paraumbilical skin tag
what is Nance Horan?
cataracts teeth abnormalities rare corneal opacity/microcornea nystagmus mental/physical retardation
what is oculo dental auricular malformation?
rare micropthalmia ocular hypoplasia ocular colobomas wide spaced/underdeveloped teeth
what is oro facial cardio dental syndrome?
radioculomegaly malpositioned teeth oligodontia congenital cataract cardiac abnormalities skeletal abnormalities
what are mucopolysaccharides?
group of inherited disorders - hurlers/hunters
widespaced teeth, corneal opacity, pigmentory retinopathy, optic atrophy, macrocephaly
coarse, facial features, short stature, hypermobile joints
what is stickler syndrome?
collagen disorder
abnormal vitreous, myopia, retinal detachment
orofacial and dental abnormalities
what is marfans?
tall thin, arachnodactyly, arm span > height hypermobile, muscular development high arched palate ectopia lentis myopia retinal detachment iris abnormal keratoconus
what issues may UV lights cause to the eyes?
corneal burning
what may anesthesia cause to the eyes?
type VI/VII palsies
why might abscesses cause a problem with the eyes?
metastatic infection
