Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMS > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

what takes place in the gut?

A 
digestion/absorption of nutrients
stomach - alcohol and water
duodenum - iron and B12
jejunum - folate
large intestine - water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what takes place in the pancreas?

A

exocrine portion - production of enzymes to digest food

endocrine - production of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what takes place in the gall bladder?

A

concentration/storgae of bile

fat digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what takes place in the liver?

A

metabolism of nutrients and toxins
production of bile
protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GI symptoms?

A 
pain - localised/referred
dysphagia
dyspepsia - discomfort of upper tract
nausea/vomitting
diarrhoea
constipation
steatorrhoea 
bleeding - haemaemesis, melanea - upper and lower tract
weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

investigations for upper GI tract?

A

endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

investigations for lower GI tract?

A

sigmoidoscopy

colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

radiographs show?

A

plain

contrast - caused by barium swallow, meal, enema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ultrasound taken to look at?

A

especially biliary tract, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MRI taken to look at?

A

biliary tract, liver, pancreas

gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antacids suppress acid - what are examples of antacids?

A

aluminium hydroxide
calcium carbonate - rennie
aligante based - gaviscon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gastric acid reduction caused by?

A

histamine receptor antagonists - H2 blockers
ranitidine, cimetidine

PPI’s - omeprazole, lansoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when do you treat the CNS with anti emetics? and what are some examples?

A

when there is chemical stimulation of the vomitting centre treat the CNS
domperidone
metoclopramide ondasteron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when to treat the gut? with what?

A

distension of the gut is causing sickness
anti histamines - cyclizine
ondansetron - serotonin antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is GORD?

A

gastro oseophageal reflux disease
excess acid at oseophageal sphinctor
= loss of tone
delayed gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is GORD associated with?

A

associated with obesity
lying flat
fatty foods
smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gord symptoms?

diagnosed by?

A

heart burn

endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how to treat gord?

A

lifestyle
drugs - antacids, PPI’s
rarely surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complications caused by GORD?

A

stricture formation

cancer - via barretts oseophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease?

A

gastric/duodenal - gastric can become malignant
15-20% of population affected, more in elderly and men
caused by helicopter pylori
NSAIDS - esp gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

epigastric pain
dyspepsia
vomitting
anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

complications from peptic ulcers?

A

bleeding - haematemesis, malaena

perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

investigations for peptic ulcers?

A

endoscopy
biopsy if gastric
H.pylori - biopsy, breath test, serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of acute ulcer?

A

endoscopically stop bleeding

rarely surgery

25
Q

treatment of non acute ulcer?

A

acid suppression with PPI

tx of h pylori - PPI/antibiotics

26
Q

what is a hiatus hernia?

A

may cause heartburn
structural abnormality of the stomach leaving segment above diaphragm
treat with meds or surgery - flundoplication

27
Q

dentally be cautious with what meds?

A

NSAIDS, corticosteroids

28
Q

what might you see with oral ulceration that might indicate anaemia?

A

chronic blood loss

29
Q

what might acid reflux cause?

A

NCTSL

30
Q

what is coeliac disease?

A

multi symptom autoimmune disease not an allergy
sensitivity to gluten - wheat, rye, barley
small intestinal villous atrophy STVA

31
Q

coeliac symptoms?

A

malabsorption - malaise, diarrhoea, steatorrhea, weight loss, iron/folate deficiency, protein deficiency

32
Q

diagnosing coeliac disease?

A

atibodies - tissue transglutaminase antibody TTGA

endoscopy and biopsy

33
Q

how to treat coeliac disease?

A

gluten free diet

osteoporosis prophylaxis

34
Q

what to be aware of dentally when it comes to pt’s with coeliac disease?

A

oral features of malabsorption - iron/folate
oral ulceration
bisphoshponates

35
Q

types of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

crohns - entire GI tract

ulcerative colitis - large intestine

36
Q

pathological appearance of crohns?

A

not continuous - skip lesions

transmural inflammation

37
Q

pathological appearance of UC?

A

continuous

mucosal inflammation

38
Q

symptoms of crohns?

A

malabsorption, abdominal pain, bleeding, abscess, fistula, sinus formation

39
Q

symtopms of UC?

A

bloody diarrhoea

abdominal pain

40
Q

extraintestinal symptoms of IBD?

A 
autoimmune arthritis
skin lesions - erythema nodosum, pyodema gangrenosum
autoimmune hepatitis 
DVT, PE
ocular inflammation
41
Q

cancer result of what type of IBD?

A

long term complication of UC

42
Q

how to diagnose IBD?

A

clinical
radiology - small bowel disease
colonoscopy/biopsy definitive
stool sample - rule out infective cause, faecal calprotection

43
Q

treatment of IBD?

A

suppress the inflammation
with 5 aminosalicylic acid preps - sulfazalasine
corticosteroids - oral enema
immunosuppressants - azathioprine, methotraxate for crohns
biologics - anti TNF agents

44
Q

IBD surgery options?

A

remove diseased bowel
colectomy in UC - curative
sections of bowel in crohns - not curative
abscess of drainage

45
Q

parenteral nutrition/elemental diet causes?

antibiotics cause?

A

bowel resting/acute episodes

infective complications

46
Q

dental aspects of IBD?

A

oral features of crohns and malabsorption

side effects of immunosuppressants/steroids

47
Q

what is diverticulitis?

A

due to pouches/pockets
50% are over 50’s
no symptoms usually, could be bleeding, pain from abscess formation/obstructions

48
Q

what is functional GI disease?

A

symtpoms without demonstratable disease
80% of GI pt’s
altered bowel smooth muscle tone?
?high cho diet in childhood

49
Q

common symptoms of functional gi disease?

A

oseophageal - lump in throat/globus, regurgitation
gastric - dyspepsia, endoscopy if alarm symptoms and age over 40
IBS

50
Q

treatment of functional GI disease?

A

reassurance, fibre, anti spasmodic

low dose -amitryptilines, SSRI’s

51
Q

types of liver disease?

A

acute inflammation - hepatitis
chronic inflammation - cirrhosis
cancer

52
Q

causes of liver disease?

A 
viruses hep a,b,c,d,e
iron overload - haemachromatosis
drugs
autoimmune - primary bilary cirrhosis
chronic active hepatitis 
scleorsing cholangitis
diabetes
ayptogenic
53
Q

liver. pancreas, biliary tract disease symptoms?

A 
jaundice
ascites - fluid overload in belly
telangriectasia - red blood vessels on skin
renal failure
encephalopathy - confusion
variceal haemorrhage - life threatening upper gi tract bleed
coagulopathy
prone to infections
54
Q

tx of liver, pancreas, biliary tract disease?

A

remove and trear underlying cause
support - liver can regenerate if no cirrhosis
liver transplant

55
Q

what is dentally relevant to liver, pancreas and biliary tract disease?

A

coagulopathy/reduced platelets
possible infectious underlying cause - hepatitis, liability to infection
liver transplant pt’s on immunosuppressants

56
Q

gall bladder problems?

A

gall stones
cholecystitis - inflamm of gall bladder, cholangitis - inflamm of ducts = pain, jaundice, pancreatitis
treatment - endoscopic, open cholecystectomy

57
Q

what is pancreatitis?

A

inflammation of the pancreas
caused by gall stones, alcohol, drugs
high amylase in blood gives diagnosis
treatment - support in hospital

58
Q

GI bleeding commonly from?

A 
oseophagus - 5%
varices - 15%
mallory weiss tear = secondary to vomitting - 10%
peptic ulcers - 50%
gastritis - 20%

CMS (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions