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OSCE examinations > Surface Anatomy - All > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy - All Flashcards

1
Q

Locate the apex beat

  • where would it move to if the beat is moved
  • what is the significance of this
A

5ICS MCL

Beat moved LATERALLY => cardiomegaly

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2
Q

Locate the pubic symphysis

A

Midline cartilaginous joint connecting the SUPERIOR RAMI of the left and right PUBIC bones

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3
Q

Locate the angle of the jaw

A

Posterior border at the junction of the ramus of the mandible

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4
Q

Locate McBurney’s point

-clinical significance

A

2/3ds of the way between the UMBILICUS and ASIS
-closer to ASIS

Base of appendix here
-tender => acute appendicitis

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5
Q

Locate the mastoid process

-clinical significance in trauma

A

Behind the earlobe

Battle sign
-bruising of the mastoid from basal skull trauma

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6
Q

Locate the jugular notch

-contents of the JN

A

Between the clavicles and above the sternum

Common carotid artery
Trachea
Internal jugular vein

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7
Q

Locate the carotid pulse

-how would you palpate it

A

Between trachea and sternocleidomastoid

Tell patient to turn head to one side and place finger anterior to SCM

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8
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

  • borders
  • contents
  • describe the clinical significance of the anatomical snuffbox
A

Borders

  • EPL, EPB, APL
  • base - scaphoid

Contents

  • radial artery
  • branch of radial nerve
  • cephalic vein

Scaphoid fracture => localised pain in anatomical snuffbox
If untreated, AVN

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9
Q

Locate the posterior tibial pulse

A

Behind the medial malleolus

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10
Q

Location of

  • the heart valves
  • auscultation spots
A

Aortic - L 3ICS => R 2ICS
Pulmonary - L 3CC => L 2ICS
Tricuspid - R 4ICS => L 4ICS
Mitral - L 4CC => L 5ICS MCL

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11
Q

Location of the thyroid cartilage

A

C4 - Adam’s apple

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12
Q

Location of the cricothyroid membrane

-clinical significance

A

Below thyroid cartilage

Site of cricothyrotomy

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13
Q

Location of the

  • mid inguinal point
  • mid point of the inguinal ligament

What is the clinical significance

A

Mid inguinal point - between ASIS and pubic symphysis
-femoral pulse here

Mid point of the inguinal ligament - between ASIS and pubic tubercle
-deep inguinal ring and femoral nerve here

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14
Q

Location of the transpyloric plane

What is the vertebral level

A

Halfway between the jugular notch and pubic symphysis

L1 - cuts through pylorus

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15
Q

Location of the subcostal plane

What is the vertebral level

A

Line between lower parts of costal margin

L3

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16
Q

Where is the Angle of Louis

-what structures are found at the Angle of Louis

A

2nd rib

RATPLANT
Rib 2
Aortic arch
Tracheal bifurcation
Pulmonary bifurcation
Left recurrent laryngeal
Azygos system => IVC
Nerves - cardiac plexus
Thoracic duct => L subclavian
17
Q

Where would you insert a chest drain

A

5ICS MAL

18
Q

Where would you do a liver biopsy

-how would you angle the needle

A

9ICS MAL via costodiaphragmatic recess

-insert needle downwards to avoid lungs

19
Q

Aspirating a tension pneumothorax

A

5ICS MAL

20
Q

Where would you do a lumbar puncture

  • why is this important
  • when would you do a lumbar puncture
A

Between
L3-4
L4-5
L5-S1

Avoid piercing SC, ends at L1-2

Diagnosis of CNS infection
-GBS, MS
-CNS vasculitis
-CT negative SAH
Therapeutics
-relieve benign raised ICP
21
Q

Function of the
-biceps brachii
How to test

A

Elbow flexion, supination

Keep elbow at 90deg with forearm in supination
Hold elbow and forearm and tell them to pull against resistance

22
Q

Function of the
-soleus
How to test

A

Plantarflexion

Tell patient to push the sole of their foot against resistance

23
Q

Function of the
-masseter
How to test

A

Elevation, protrusion and ipsilateral mv

Tell patient to open and close mouth

24
Q

Function of the
-sternocleidomastoid unilaterally
How to test

A

Contralateral rotation
Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Tell patient to rotate head

25
Q

Function of the
-sternocleidomastoid bilaterally
How to test

A

Cervical flexion

Tell patient to put neck towards sternum

26
Q

Function of the
-iliopsoas
How to test

A

Hip flexion

Tell patient to lay flat and raise whole leg against resistance

27
Q

Function of the
-brachioradialis
How to test

A

Elbow flexion when forearm is partially pronated

Tell patient to keep forearm partially pronated
Ask them to flex elbow against resistance

28
Q

Function of the
-rectus femoris
How to test

A

Hip flexion
Leg extension

Tell patient to sit on couch with legs over edge
Tell patient to lift leg whilst leg with knee flexed

29
Q

Function of the
-deltoid
How to test

A

Shoulder abduction, flexion, extension

Ask patient to hold arms laterally
Ask them to resist you pushing up and down, forwards and back

30
Q

Function of the
-temporalis
How to test

A

Closes jaw

Ask patient to clench jaw to palpate muscle

31
Q

Function of the
-supraspinatus
How to test

A

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Empty can test
-ask patient to put arm out infront, horizontally abduct slightly and have arms internally rotated => thurmbs down like they’re emptying a can
Ask patient to lift arm against resistance

32
Q

What organs can you palpate in a healthy person

A

Lower pole of right kidney
Cecum
Sigmoid colon

33
Q

What are the
-boundaries
-contents
of the carpal tunnel

How to test for carpal tunnel

A

Boundaries

  • deep carpal arch - scaphoid, trapezium, hamate, pisiform
  • flexor retinaculum

Contents

  • median nerve
  • FPL
  • 4 tendons of FDP
  • 4 tendons of FDS

Tinel - tap median nerve to elicit pain
Phalen - inverse prayer hands for 60s to elicit pain

34
Q

Contents of the
-axilla
Clinical significance of the axilla

A

Axillary vein, artery, lymph nodes
Biceps brachii
Brachial plexus

Key region for LN biopsy
75% of lymph drains into axilla breast LN so must be removed in breast cancer

Risk of damage to long thoracic nerve => winging of the scapula

OSCE examinations (142 decks)

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