Superior of Posterior Mediastinum

Question 1

Sup/Infer Mediastinum is divided by

Answer 1

sternal angle (angle of louis)

Question 2

sternal angle is at the level of:

Answer 2

t4/t5

Question 3

Inferior is divided into

Answer 3

ant/med/post

Question 4

directly behind sternum would be:

Answer 4

thymus fat

Question 5

ant to post behind sternum

Answer 5

left brachiocephalic

Question 6

left brachiocephalic passes over:

Answer 6

3 branches off aorta trunk

Question 7

3 main branches of aorta move:

Answer 7

ant to post

Question 8

Ant to Post the main structures are :

Answer 8

TBSATE (tenor bass, sop alto, teach everyone)

Question 9

Left Vagus nerve is grouped in next to:

Answer 9

Left Common Corotid (post of phrenic, ant of left recurrent laryngeal)

Question 10

Left phrenic is grouped in next to:

Answer 10

left brachiocephalic (most ant nerve) ph in phrenic and phalic same goes for right side, btw

Question 11

upper part of the esophagus is:

Answer 11

skeletal muscle

Question 12

lower esophagus is:

Answer 12

both skeletal and smooth

Question 13

post ganglion in esophagus is:

Answer 13

in the wall of the organ

Question 14

mucosa is made of :

Answer 14

stratified squamous (non keratonized)

Question 15

lymph drains from bronchi to

Answer 15

nodes located in the hilum

Question 16

there are also lymph nodes in the

Answer 16

biforcation of the bronchi

Question 17

phrenic nerve innervates the:

Answer 17

diaphram

Question 18

the diaphram is

Answer 18

skeletal muscle under somatic motor control

Question 19

there is an area in the brain that unconsciously fires the diaphram, but it is;

Answer 19

under somatic control

Question 20

the vegus nerve on the left descends _____to the aorta, and _______ to the subcalavian on the right;

Answer 20

arch of the aorta, anterior to the subcalavian

Question 21

descending vegus: a component loops under and back up to the neck, called:

Answer 21

recurrent laryngeal: major motor nerve to the muscles of the larynx (

Question 22

after the recurrent laryngeal splits, the rest of the vegus continues down carrying:

Answer 22

preganglionic, parasympathetic fibers, some visceral afferent information (not pain, just sensory info about pressure, etc)

Question 23

the vegus descends:

Answer 23

posterior to the root of the lung

Question 24

there are several cardiac nerves in the mediastinum that act to regulate the heart: branches from the vegus are:

Answer 24

sympathetic (postganglionic) increase output: preganglianic parasympathetic form a plexus called cardiac plexus (over arch of aorta

Question 25

superficial on right side, deep cardiac plexus is on:

Answer 25

the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 26

posterior mediastinum includes:

Answer 26

azygos veins, thoracic aorta (descending), thoracic duct, esophagus, sympathetic chain

Question 27

thoracic sympathetic chain is:

Answer 27

paravertebral ganglia, communicating branches with spinal nerves,

Question 28

there is a ganglion associated with each;

Answer 28

cranial nerve

Question 29

the communication between ganglion and cranial nerve is known as

Answer 29

rami communicantes

Question 30

azygos system; main system is on the:

Answer 30

right side

Question 31

azygos veins loop around and drain into the:

Answer 31

svc

Question 32

on the left side, there is a similar system:

Answer 32

5-8 join and form the accessory hemiazygos,

Question 33

the accessory hemiazygos drains:

Answer 33

4,6,7,8,9,10,11

Question 34

first four intercostals drain into:

Answer 34

into left brachiocephalic or an alternate location

Question 35

there is a system of veins around the ____ that communicate and run all the way up to the ____

Answer 35

vertebral column, skull

Question 36

the plexus around the vertebrate can allow:

Answer 36

blood, pathogens, etc can move up plexus to the skull (breast cancer) via azygos

Question 37

azygos vein plexus allow for ____ to move to brain, etc

Answer 37

cancer

Question 38

post mediastinum has lymphatic system called:

Answer 38

thoracic duct

Question 39

thoracic duct collects all lymph from legs, lower abdominal column called:

Answer 39

cersternic chilai sac behind beginning of diaphram

Question 40

thoracic duct ascends ______ the esophogus, ____ of azygos vein, and ____ of descending aorta

Answer 40

behind, left of azygos, right of descending aorta

Question 41

the thoracic duct then _____ l brachiocephalic, ____ jugular vein, and into venus angle

Answer 41

behind, behind

Question 42

collect lymph from ____ of thoracic wall, part of left lung, gi tract

Answer 42

left side, most all of lymph on left side and below neck

Question 43

for thorax on right there are _____

Answer 43

bronchomediastinal ducts that drain to right lymphatic duct at right venous angle (otherwise thoracic collects everything below neck)

Question 44

esophogus is ____ to trachea, and

Answer 44

posterior

Question 45

runs to the ____ of the descending aorta, to the ____ of the azygos, and through the _____ of the diaphram at ____

Answer 45

right, left, hiatus of diaphram 10th thoracic vertabrae

Question 46

runs to the ____ of the descending aorta, to the ____ of the azygos, and through the _____ of the diaphram at ____

Answer 46

right, left, hiatus of diaphram 10th thoracic vertabrae

Question 47

______ atrium is ____ to the esophagus

Answer 47

left anterior

Question 48

blood supply of esophogus is:

Answer 48

1st couple intercostal vessels, then plexus,

Question 49

venus drainage of esophogus is:

Answer 49

back into azygus system

Question 50

vegus runs ____ to the lung and then, at the base of the esophogus, the left goes _____, the right goes______

Answer 50

posterior to the root of the lung, anterior, posterior and form vegal trunks

Question 51

greater splanchinic nerve:

Answer 51

preganglionic, lateral horn cell, motor, white communicating ramus, doesn't communicate

Question 52

doesnt carry post ganglionic, synapse in abdomen at preganglionic synapses (celiac) on thorax

Answer 52

prevertebral on

Question 53

lesser from lateral horn cells :

Answer 53

T10. T11

Question 54

least splanchnc:

Answer 54

T12

Question 55

splanchnic nerves

Answer 55

visceral sensory fibers coming back, following dorsal root, synapse in dorsal horn (pain fibers)

Question 56

cardiac nerves:

Answer 56

some axons come onto chain, ascend to cervical ganglion, synapse, then cardiac nerves descend return back to the neck,

Question 57

visceral branches in the thorax are all:

Answer 57

postganglionic, no sympathetic ganglia in walls of those organs

Question 58

these are not communications to spinal nerves:

Answer 58

they go out to the wall, limbs, etc, from their roots, and they are branches of chain that distribute within the body cavities