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JK Hu A&P > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue….

A

transport material (blood), structure (bone), no contact with environment

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2
Q

characteristics

A

Usually are rich in blood supply, with a few exceptions, such as cartilages, tendons and ligaments.
Are made of many types of cells
There is a great deal of non-cellular, nonliving materials (extracellular matrix)between the cells of connective tissues.
Ground substance: Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans.
Fibers: Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

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3
Q

3 classifications

A

proper, fluid, supportive

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4
Q

connective tissue proper:

A

A Mad Mother Made Me Miss Last Friday’s Fun

Adipose, mesynchimal, melanocyte, macrophage, microphage, mast cells, lymphocyte, fibrocyte, fibroblasts

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5
Q

fibroblasts

A

The most abundant cell type:
found in all connective tissue proper
secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
The mitotic activity can be regulated by growth factor when tissue needs more fibroblast, e.g. organ injury

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6
Q

Macrophages are

A

Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system:
eat pathogens and damaged cells (by phagocytosis)
fixed macrophages stay in tissue
free macrophages migrate

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7
Q

macrophages can be either _____ or _____

A

fixed or free

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8
Q

melanocytes

A

synthesize and store melanin

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9
Q

mast cells originate from

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

lymphocytes

A

T, B natural killer specific

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11
Q

microphages

A

phagocytic blood cells

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12
Q

microphages participate in

A

non-specific immunity

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13
Q

Number of Connective tissue Fibers:

A

3 types; collagen, elastic, reticular

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14
Q

collagen is the

A

Most abundant in human body
Major product of fibroblasts
Fibrillar collagens (I and II), sheet-forming collagens (IV) and linking/anchoring collagens (VII)

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15
Q

collagen fibers are

A

long straight and unbranched (Strong and flexible)

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16
Q

examples of collagen fibers:

A

tendons, ligaments, parts of bones and blood vessels

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17
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Branched, wavy, elastin fibers, returns to original length after stretching, formed by fibroblasts
Branched and wavy
Return to original length after stretching
For example, elastic ligaments of vertebrae

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18
Q

reticular fibers

A 
forms networks produced by fibroblasts, thin, needs special stain to be visible, supportive stoma 
Produced by fibroblasts
Form networks
Thin
Needs special stain to be visible
Supportive stroma (supportive network)
Parenchyma: Functional part of the organs.
E.g. found in spleen and lymph nodes
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19
Q

stroma or parenchyma

A

supportive and functional part of organs

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20
Q

reticular fibers are usually found in:

A

collagen III in lymph nodes

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21
Q

connective tissue proper is:

A

loose or dense

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22
Q

loose connective tissue is more____ less_____

A

ground, fibers (i.e. fat)

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23
Q

Dense connective more_____ less_____

A

fibers ground substance

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24
Q

3 types of Loose

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

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25
Areolar characteristics
more ground, less fiber, distort without damage elastic fiber Underneath the epithelium of the skin (papillary layer only)
26
Epidermis layer, tissue
stratified squamous, epithelium
27
dermis layers:
papillary, reticular
28
adipose tissue
contains adipocytes | Subcutaneous and around organs
29
2 types of adipose tissue
white (most common, stores fat, absorbs shock, slows heat loss), Brown more vascularized, ....
30
adipocytes do not:
divide, they expand to store fat, shrink as fat is released
31
mesenchymal cells divide and differentiate
produce more fat cells, when storage is needed
32
adipocytes only have
1 nucleus
33
Reticular Tissue found in
liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow Fibrous network to support parenchymal cells (vs. stroma) Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes
34
Dense connective tissue contains more_____ less_____
fibers, ground
35
Dense means _____ regular means _____
tightly packs, parallel collagen fibers
36
Dense irregular found in
deep dermis
37
dense irregular connective tissue is found in the ____ made of _____ layer
dermis, reticular layer
38
main function of fluid connective tissue
transport
39
fluid connective tissue examples
blood, lymph, interstitial fluid
40
Blood divisions
plasma, formed elements, platelets
41
Types of formed elements in blood
rbc, never let monkeys eat bananas
42
lymph is____
extracellular fluid collected from interstitial space
43
fluid tissue transport system
cardiovascular system (blood), lymphoid (lymphatic)
44
interstitial fluid is fluid____
outside blood vessel and lymphatic vessel
45
supportive connective tissues contains____ and ____
cartilage and bone
46
cartilage is a ______ for _____
gel-type ground substance
47
cartilage has no _______
vascularity
48
chondrocytes
produce anti-angiogenesis factor
49
Wrapping on cartilage
perichondrium
50
types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrous
51
hyaline caritilage contain
chondrycytes
52
elastic carilage examples
ears, epiglottis
53
fibrocartilage
chondrocytes and lots of fibers (spinal column), knees, in between spinal discs
54
bone tissue is called:
osseous tissue Strong (calcified: calcium salt deposits) Resists shattering (flexible collagen fibers) Bone cells or osteocytes Arranged around central canals within matrix Small channels through matrix (canaliculi) access blood supply Periosteum Covers bone surfaces Fibrous layer Cellular layer
55
3 types of fluid connective tissue
blood, lymph, interstitial fluid
56
types of supportive connective tissue
bone and cartilage
57
types of cartilage
``` hyaline, elastic, fibrous: Hyaline cartilage Stiff, flexible support Reduces friction between bones Found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea Elastic cartilage Supportive but bends easily Found in external ear and epiglottis Fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) Limits movement Prevents bone-to-bone contact Pads knee joints Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs ```
58
Fibrocytes
The second most abundant cell type: found in all connective tissue proper Maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper The “quieter” cell than the fibroblasts.
59
adipocytes
Fat cells: | each cell stores a single, large fat droplet with a nucleus on the side
60
Mesenchymal Cells
Stem cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.
61
Mast Cells
``` Originate from bone marrow. Progenitor cells circulate in blood. Stays in tissue Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection: release histamine and heparin ```
62
Lymphocytes
Specialized immune cells in lymphoid (lymphatic) system: | For example, B lymphocytes may develop into plasma cells (plasmocytes) that produce antibodies
63
Macrophages
Phagocytic blood cells: Participate in non-specific immunity. For example, neutrophils and eosinophils
64
Fibrillar collagens (I and II) examples:
bone, skin, tendon; cartilage
65
Fibrillar collagen III
skin, muscle blood vessel
66
Fibrillar collagen IV
basal and external lamina
67
brown adipose
``` more vascularized adipocytes have many mitochondria when stimulated by nervous system, fat break down accelerates, releasing energy absorbs energy from surrounding tissues Found in infants and young children ```
68
white adipose
most common stores fat absorbs shocks slows heat loss (insulation)
69
3 types of fibers
reticular, elastin, collagen
70
9 types of connective tissue proper
a mad mother made me miss last friday's fun
71
Blood consists of:
``` Plasma Water Proteins, electrolytes, etc. Formed elements RBC WBC- never let monkeys eat bananas ``` ``` Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil Platelets ```

JK Hu A&P (21 decks)

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