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JK Hu A&P > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue….

A

transport material (blood), structure (bone), no contact with environment

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2
Q

characteristics

A

Usually are rich in blood supply, with a few exceptions, such as cartilages, tendons and ligaments.
Are made of many types of cells
There is a great deal of non-cellular, nonliving materials (extracellular matrix)between the cells of connective tissues.
Ground substance: Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans.
Fibers: Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

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3
Q

3 classifications

A

proper, fluid, supportive

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4
Q

connective tissue proper:

A

A Mad Mother Made Me Miss Last Friday’s Fun

Adipose, mesynchimal, melanocyte, macrophage, microphage, mast cells, lymphocyte, fibrocyte, fibroblasts

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5
Q

fibroblasts

A

The most abundant cell type:
found in all connective tissue proper
secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
The mitotic activity can be regulated by growth factor when tissue needs more fibroblast, e.g. organ injury

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6
Q

Macrophages are

A

Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system:
eat pathogens and damaged cells (by phagocytosis)
fixed macrophages stay in tissue
free macrophages migrate

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7
Q

macrophages can be either _____ or _____

A

fixed or free

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8
Q

melanocytes

A

synthesize and store melanin

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9
Q

mast cells originate from

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

lymphocytes

A

T, B natural killer specific

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11
Q

microphages

A

phagocytic blood cells

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12
Q

microphages participate in

A

non-specific immunity

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13
Q

Number of Connective tissue Fibers:

A

3 types; collagen, elastic, reticular

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14
Q

collagen is the

A

Most abundant in human body
Major product of fibroblasts
Fibrillar collagens (I and II), sheet-forming collagens (IV) and linking/anchoring collagens (VII)

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15
Q

collagen fibers are

A

long straight and unbranched (Strong and flexible)

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16
Q

examples of collagen fibers:

A

tendons, ligaments, parts of bones and blood vessels

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17
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Branched, wavy, elastin fibers, returns to original length after stretching, formed by fibroblasts
Branched and wavy
Return to original length after stretching
For example, elastic ligaments of vertebrae

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18
Q

reticular fibers

A 
forms networks produced by fibroblasts, thin, needs special stain to be visible, supportive stoma 
Produced by fibroblasts
Form networks
Thin
Needs special stain to be visible
Supportive stroma (supportive network)
Parenchyma: Functional part of the organs.
E.g. found in spleen and lymph nodes
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19
Q

stroma or parenchyma

A

supportive and functional part of organs

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20
Q

reticular fibers are usually found in:

A

collagen III in lymph nodes

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21
Q

connective tissue proper is:

A

loose or dense

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22
Q

loose connective tissue is more____ less_____

A

ground, fibers (i.e. fat)

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23
Q

Dense connective more_____ less_____

A

fibers ground substance

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24
Q

3 types of Loose

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

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25
Q

Areolar characteristics

A

more ground, less fiber, distort without damage elastic fiber
Underneath the epithelium of the skin (papillary layer only)

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26
Q

Epidermis layer, tissue

A

stratified squamous, epithelium

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27
Q

dermis layers:

A

papillary, reticular

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28
Q

adipose tissue

A

contains adipocytes

Subcutaneous and around organs

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29
Q

2 types of adipose tissue

A

white (most common, stores fat, absorbs shock, slows heat loss), Brown more vascularized, ….

30
Q

adipocytes do not:

A

divide, they expand to store fat, shrink as fat is released

31
Q

mesenchymal cells divide and differentiate

A

produce more fat cells, when storage is needed

32
Q

adipocytes only have

A

1 nucleus

33
Q

Reticular Tissue found in

A

liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Fibrous network to support parenchymal cells (vs. stroma)
Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes

34
Q

Dense connective tissue contains more_____ less_____

A

fibers, ground

35
Q

Dense means _____ regular means _____

A

tightly packs, parallel collagen fibers

36
Q

Dense irregular found in

A

deep dermis

37
Q

dense irregular connective tissue is found in the ____ made of _____ layer

A

dermis, reticular layer

38
Q

main function of fluid connective tissue

A

transport

39
Q

fluid connective tissue examples

A

blood, lymph, interstitial fluid

40
Q

Blood divisions

A

plasma, formed elements, platelets

41
Q

Types of formed elements in blood

A

rbc, never let monkeys eat bananas

42
Q

lymph is____

A

extracellular fluid collected from interstitial space

43
Q

fluid tissue transport system

A

cardiovascular system (blood), lymphoid (lymphatic)

44
Q

interstitial fluid is fluid____

A

outside blood vessel and lymphatic vessel

45
Q

supportive connective tissues contains____ and ____

A

cartilage and bone

46
Q

cartilage is a ______ for _____

A

gel-type ground substance

47
Q

cartilage has no _______

A

vascularity

48
Q

chondrocytes

A

produce anti-angiogenesis factor

49
Q

Wrapping on cartilage

A

perichondrium

50
Q

types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrous

51
Q

hyaline caritilage contain

A

chondrycytes

52
Q

elastic carilage examples

A

ears, epiglottis

53
Q

fibrocartilage

A

chondrocytes and lots of fibers (spinal column), knees, in between spinal discs

54
Q

bone tissue is called:

A

osseous tissue
Strong (calcified: calcium salt deposits)
Resists shattering (flexible collagen fibers)
Bone cells or osteocytes
Arranged around central canals within matrix
Small channels through matrix (canaliculi) access blood supply
Periosteum
Covers bone surfaces
Fibrous layer
Cellular layer

55
Q

3 types of fluid connective tissue

A

blood, lymph, interstitial fluid

56
Q

types of supportive connective tissue

A

bone and cartilage

57
Q

types of cartilage

A 
hyaline, elastic, fibrous:
Hyaline cartilage
Stiff, flexible support
Reduces friction between bones
Found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea
Elastic cartilage
Supportive but bends easily
Found in external ear and epiglottis
Fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) 
Limits movement
Prevents bone-to-bone contact
Pads knee joints
Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs
58
Q

Fibrocytes

A

The second most abundant cell type:
found in all connective tissue proper
Maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper
The “quieter” cell than the fibroblasts.

59
Q

adipocytes

A

Fat cells:

each cell stores a single, large fat droplet with a nucleus on the side

60
Q

Mesenchymal Cells

A

Stem cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.

61
Q

Mast Cells

A 
Originate from bone marrow.
Progenitor cells circulate in blood.
Stays in tissue 
Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection:
release histamine and heparin
62
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Specialized immune cells in lymphoid (lymphatic) system:

For example, B lymphocytes may develop into plasma cells (plasmocytes) that produce antibodies

63
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytic blood cells:
Participate in non-specific immunity.
For example, neutrophils and eosinophils

64
Q

Fibrillar collagens (I and II) examples:

A

bone, skin, tendon; cartilage

65
Q

Fibrillar collagen III

A

skin, muscle blood vessel

66
Q

Fibrillar collagen IV

A

basal and external lamina

67
Q

brown adipose

A 
more vascularized 
adipocytes have many mitochondria
when stimulated by nervous system, fat break down accelerates, releasing energy 
absorbs energy from surrounding tissues
Found in infants and young children
68
Q

white adipose

A

most common
stores fat
absorbs shocks
slows heat loss (insulation)

69
Q

3 types of fibers

A

reticular, elastin, collagen

70
Q

9 types of connective tissue proper

A

a mad mother made me miss last friday’s fun

71
Q

Blood consists of:

A 
Plasma
Water
Proteins, electrolytes, etc.
Formed elements
RBC
WBC- never let monkeys eat bananas
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
Platelets

JK Hu A&P (21 decks)

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