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JK Hu A&P > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Two sides of Epithelium

A

Apical Basolateral

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2
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium

A 
PARCA
Polar
Avascular
Attached
Regeneration
Cellularity (cell junctions)
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3
Q

Cellularity (in Epithelial cells)

A

Occluding (Tight) junctions (Zonulae occludens)
Prevents passage of water and solutes
Prevents enzymes and wastes in the lumen at the apical surface to reach the basolateral surface.
Linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells and stabilizing tight junctions
Gap junctions
allow rapid communication
Held together by channel proteins (junctional proteins, connexons)
Allow ions to pass
Coordinate contractions in heart muscle
Desmosome (anchoring junctions)
allow mechanical stress
Provides strength to epithelium laterally and basally

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4
Q

Tight junctions

A

Lipid portion of the membrane bound, Prevent entry, Apical surface of the intestinal lumen

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5
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Transmembrane bound, Allow communication, Cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Desmosome

A

Adhesion molecules proteoglycan and cytoskeleton bound,Maintain the strength, Skin
Between cardiac muscle cells

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7
Q

Polarity

A 
Apical surfaces:
Microvilli increase absorption or secretion
Cilia (ciliated epithelium) move fluid
Basal surfaces
Cell to extracellular matrix
Lateral surfaces
Occluding junction
Anchoring
Communication
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8
Q

Structure of Microvilli

A

Simple Surface Area

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9
Q

Structure of Cilia

A

Stratified or pseudo stratified

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10
Q

Attachment to Basalir Lamina

A 
Clear layer (Lamina lucida)
Thin layer 
Secreted by epithelia
Barrier to proteins
Dense layer (Lamina densa)
Thick fibers
Produced by connective tissue
Strength and filtration
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11
Q

Amount of Insensible Persperation

A

500 mL

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12
Q

Avascularity of Epithelial Cells

A

Epithelial cells derive support by diffusion from blood vessels in underlying connective tissue
Thickness of epithelia cannot be greater than the distance over which nutrients can diffuse from vascular source.
Our skin is covered by epithelium. And each day, we lose about 500 ml of water via Insensible Perspiration.
In what situation do we need to worry about insensible perspiration?

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13
Q

Regeneration of Epithelial

A

Epithelia are replaced by division of germinative cells (stem cells)
Near basal lamina

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14
Q

Layers of Epithelium

A 
Come (corny)
Lets (lucidum)
Get (Granulosum)
Sun (spinosum)
Ger (Germinativum)
Burned (Basal)
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15
Q

Simple/Stratified Cuboidal

A 
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Secretion and absorption (kidneys)
Ducts
Stratified cuboidal epithelia
Sweat ducts and mammary ducts
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16
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

lining of some ducts (rare)

Function; protection, secretion, absorption

17
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Urinary Bladder

Empty (relaxed/taller) Full (stretched/lower)

18
Q

Scalloped Surface Cells

A

Transitional

19
Q

Columnar Epithelium

A 
Simple columnar epithelium
Absorption and secretion
Stratified columnar epithelium
Protection
Some secretion
Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Secretion
Protection
20
Q

simple Columnar locations

A

stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterine tubes, collecting ducts of kidneys,

21
Q

Pseduo-Stratified Ciliated Columnar

A

ciliated, basal side connected to loose connective tissue

22
Q

stratified Columnar

A

epiglottis, pharynx, anus, mammary glands, salivary glands, ducts

23
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Endocrine=into interstitial fluid. Exocrine=to epithelium via ducts

24
Q

Mode of Glandular Secretion (Epithelium)

A

Holocrine (pimple-sebum, sebacious), Apocrine mammary glands mother ape), Merocrine sweat glands

25
Q

Holocrine

A

Sebum, ducts, oil

26
Q

Apocrine

A

produced in Golgi (as well as merocrine), Mammary, sweat

27
Q

Merocrine

A

Sweat gland, water and electrolytes, widely distributed

28
Q

4 types Membranes

A

Mucous, Serous, cutaneous, synovial

29
Q

Mucousa

A

Epithelium + Lamina propria

30
Q

Serous membrane

A

Line cavities not open to the outside
Are thin but strong
Have fluid transudates to reduce friction
Have a parietal portion covering the cavity
Have a visceral portion (serosa) covering the organs

31
Q

Serous Membrane

A 
Pleura:
Lines pleural cavities
Covers lungs
Peritoneum:
Lines peritoneal cavity 
Covers abdominal organs
Pericardium:
Lines pericardial cavity
Covers heart
32
Q

Cutaneous

A

Is skin, surface of the body

Thick, waterproof, and dry

33
Q

Synovial

A 
Lines moving, articulating joint cavities with a layer of connective tissue
Produces synovial fluid (lubricant)
Type A: Macrophage-like to clean
Type B: Synovial cell to secrete 
Protects the ends of bones
Lack a true epithelium

JK Hu A&P (21 decks)

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