Perault_Stomach_Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
Organs of the forgut
Golly, A Dust-E Duo of Pan Seared Liver* and Stomach
Organs of the Midgut:
Transvestite DJ CeCe Ileum Appetite Ascending
transverse colon, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, ileum, appendix, ascending colon
Organs of the Hindgut:
and now the Transvestites will Descend and Sign your Rectum
transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
organs that secrete juices into the ailamentary canal
salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and small intestine
the peritoneum:
It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The peritoneum supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
ditinguish between the portal and vena cava system
The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
greater omentum
is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. It extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, passing in front of the small intestines and doubles back to ascend to the transverse colon before reaching to the posterior abdominal wall.
functions of the greater omentum
Fat deposition, having varying amounts of adipose tissue[6]
Immune contribution, having milky spots of macrophage collections[6]
Infection and wound isolation; It may also physically limit the spread of intraperitoneal infections.[6] The greater omentum can often be found wrapped around areas of infection and trauma.
lesser omentum:
the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament).The lesser omentum is extremely thin, and is continuous with the two layers of peritoneum which cover respectively the antero-superior and postero-inferior surfaces of the stomach and first part of the duodenum.
mesentary proper
the small intestine is a large and broad fan-shaped mesentery that is attached to the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine, connecting them to the posterior abdominal wall.
transverse mesocolon
The transverse mesocolon is a broad, meso-fold of peritoneum, which connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
It is continuous with the two posterior layers of the greater omentum, which, after separating to surround the transverse colon, join behind it, and are continued backward to the vertebral column, where they diverge in front of the anterior border of the pancreas. This fold contains between its layers the vessels which supply the transverse colon.
sigmoid mesocolon
The sigmoid mesocolon is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the sigmoid colon to the pelvic wall and one of the four mesenteries in the abdominal cavity.
It has an “inverted V” line of attachment, the apex of which is near the division of the left common iliac artery. The left limb descends medially to the left psoas muscle; the right limb descends into the pelvis and ends in the midline anterior to the third sacral segment. The sigmoid and superior rectal vessels run between the layers of the sigmoid mesocolon and the left ureter descends into the pelvis behind its apex.
peritoneal ligaments of the spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament
It is the fold of peritoneum that connects spleen with greater curvature of stomach.
Splenorenal/lienorenal ligament
It is the fold of peritoneum that connects spleen to the left kidney.
These two ligaments are attached to the hilum of spleen. Splenorenal ligament carries splenic vessels and sometimes tail of pancreas.
Phrenicocolic ligament
It is attached to the left colic flexure (colon) and diaphragm. This ligament supports the spleen from below.
peritoneal ligaments of the liver:
Falciform ligament, Ligamentum teres, Ligamentum venosum, Lesser omentum
falciform ligament:
This two layered fold of peritoneum ascends from the umbilicus to the liver. It has a sickle shaped free margin containing the ligamentum teres, which represents the remains of umbilical vein.
The falciform ligament passes to the anterior and superior surfaces of the liver and eventually splits into two layers: right and left. The right layer forms the upper layer of the coronary ligament, while the left layer forms the upper layer of the left triangular ligament. The description could be made easy by considering the fact that the tip of the coronary ligament is known as the right triangular ligament. Between the peritoneal layers forming the coronary ligament lies the so called bare area.
Ligamentum teres:
As described above, this ligament represents the remains of the umbilical vein of fetus. It passes into a fissure on the visceral surface of liver and joins the left branch of portal vein in the porta hepatis.
Ligamentum venosum:
It represents the remains of the ductus venosus of fetus and is attached to the left branch of the portal vein. It ascends in a fissure on the visceral surface of liver to be attached above to the inferior vena cava.
To make the description more understandable, the knowledge of functions of umbilical vein and ductus venosus is important. In brief, the umbilical vein (represented by ligamentum teres) brings oxygenated blood to the liver from placenta in the fetus. The greater portion of this blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus (represented by the ligamentum venosum), which joins the inferior vena cava.
Lesser omentum:
In addition to the above peritoneal ligaments, the lesser omentum is also attached to the liver. It arises from the edges of the porta hepatis and the fissure for ligamentum venosum. Afterwards, it passes down to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
major organs of the GI tract:
the hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine—which includes the rectum—and anus. Food enters the mouth and passes to the anus through the hollow organs of the GI tract. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
organs of the upper GI:
The upper gastrointestinal tract consists of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
demarcation of end of upper GI
The exact demarcation between the upper and lower tracts is the suspensory muscle of the duodenum. This delineates the embryonic borders between the foregut and midgut, and is also the division commonly used by clinicians to describe gastrointestinal bleeding as being of either “upper” or “lower” origin
_____ is the anatomical landmark which shows the formal division between the duodenum and the jejunum
The suspensory muscle is an important anatomical landmark which shows the formal division between the duodenum and the jejunum
organs of the lower GI:
The lower gastrointestinal tract includes most of the small intestine and all of the large intestine.[8] In human anatomy, the intestine (bowel, or gut) is the segment of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
