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JK Hu A&P > Ebryology > Flashcards

Ebryology Flashcards

1
Q

p arm

A

smaller top arm

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2
Q

q arm

A

lower, larger arm

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3
Q

chromosomes held together by

A

centrosomes

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4
Q

number of autosomes

A

22

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5
Q

all somatic cells have the cell cycle:

A

G1,S,G2 Mitosis, cytokinesis, G0

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6
Q

mitosis phases

A

pmat

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7
Q

gametogenesis

A

spermatozoa, oocyte

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8
Q

gaemtogensis does not make ____ it makes ____

A

diploid cells, haploid

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9
Q

manifestations of an irregular karyotype

A 
trisomy 21: crease on hand, sloped forehead, etc
trisomy 13 (not viable)
monosomy "turner's syndrome" wet neck, short, cardiovascular disease, synthetically provide hormones
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10
Q

structural malformations

A

parts of chromosome to be missing, deformed:

cri-du-chat, angelman syndrome, prader-will syndrome

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11
Q

nearly ___ of congenital malformations are due to unknown causes

A

50%

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12
Q

all somatic cells are ______

A

diploid (2n)

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13
Q

______ phases of gamete formation

A

origin and migration,

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14
Q

______ phase of germ cells is the same

A

migration or origin, proliferation of germ cells through mitosis

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15
Q

phase 1

A

origin and migration of germ cells

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16
Q

phase 2

A

proliferation of germ cells through mitosis (puberty for men, first 5 months of development for women)

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17
Q

follicle is made of

A

prophase and epithelium combined to surround oocyte (primary oocyte)

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18
Q

meiotic event in ovum for priomordial follicle

A

primary oocyte

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19
Q

final step of meiosis is not complete until

A

conception

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20
Q

Hormonal Control of Ovulation

A

GnRH, FSH, LH

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21
Q

GnRH is released from

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

GnRH acts on the

A

Anterior pituitary

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23
Q

ANt pit secretes

A

FSH, LH

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24
Q

Corpus luteum secretes

A

progesterone

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25
Q

spermatogensis located in

A

seminiferous tubule

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26
Q

smallest cell in body

A

sperm

27
Q

acrosome is made by shifting

A

golgi apparatus to head

28
Q

increases in LH stimulates

A

Laydig cells to

29
Q

fertilization occurs in the ____ or the uterine tube

A

ampulla

30
Q

Capacitation

A

to fully mature, the sperm need to live in the uterus, to dissolve acrosome, and utilize mitochondria

31
Q

requires approx _____ for capacitation

A

5-7 hours

32
Q

corona radiata was originally

A

granulosa cite

33
Q

acrosome reaction

A

spermatozoa penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida

34
Q

prevention of polyspermy

A

automatically depolarizes cell wall

35
Q

polyspermy is prevented by an influx of

A

Ca2+

36
Q

cleavage

A

4 days until morula

37
Q

individual cells called

A

blastomeres

38
Q

____of structure doesn’t increase, only the _____

A

size, number

39
Q

zona palucida is a ____ shell

A

hard (Calcified)

40
Q

from morula to blastula

A

compaction, differentiation, cavitation

41
Q

blastocyst formation includes the formation of _____

A

sodium potassium pumps

42
Q

inner cell mass structures become___

A

embryo

43
Q

RNA in zygote is originally__

A

all maternal

44
Q

Maternal-Zygotic transition causes a _______ in RNA

A

drop

45
Q

Pluripotent cell example:

A

Inner mass cells

46
Q

Totipotent cell example:

A

morula

47
Q

AS cells are either ____ or ______

A

multipotent or unipotent

48
Q

Day 6-7 the zygote;

A

breaks out of shell and embeds in uterine wall

49
Q

implantation includes the

A

trophoblast begins to penetrate between the epithelial cells of the uterine mucosa

50
Q

when does pregnancy begin?

A

implantation, also no longer capable of bein totipotent

51
Q

all three germ layers are made of ______ and push the ____ out of the way

A

epiblast hypoblast

52
Q

the _____ is formed by the mesoderm cells

A

notochord

53
Q

the notochord is formed by the ______ migrating through the ________

A

mesoderm/primitive node

54
Q

ectoderm

A

surface ectoderm; neuroectoderm

55
Q

prosencephalon

A

3

56
Q

mesencephalon

A

4

57
Q

rhombencephalon

A

5

58
Q

somite organization

A

basis of forming axial skeleton

59
Q

segmentation is conserved by _______ genes

A

HOX genes (allow the body to be segmented in the appropriate way)

60
Q

placenta

A

chorion

61
Q

primary stem villus

A

11 to 13 days as cytotrophoblastic proliferations that bud into the overlying ; cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

62
Q

secondary stem villus

A

day 16 the extraembryonic mesoderm begins to proliferate

63
Q

3 phases of human development

A

germinal embryonic, fetal

64
Q

phase in which fetus is most susceptible to …..

A

embryonic

JK Hu A&P (21 decks)

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