Ebryology

Question 1

p arm

Answer 1

smaller top arm

Question 2

q arm

Answer 2

lower, larger arm

Question 3

chromosomes held together by

Answer 3

centrosomes

Question 4

number of autosomes

Answer 4

22

Question 5

all somatic cells have the cell cycle:

Answer 5

G1,S,G2 Mitosis, cytokinesis, G0

Question 6

mitosis phases

Answer 6

pmat

Question 7

gametogenesis

Answer 7

spermatozoa, oocyte

Question 8

gaemtogensis does not make ____ it makes ____

Answer 8

diploid cells, haploid

Question 9

manifestations of an irregular karyotype

Answer 9

trisomy 21: crease on hand, sloped forehead, etc
trisomy 13 (not viable)
monosomy "turner's syndrome" wet neck, short, cardiovascular disease, synthetically provide hormones

Question 10

structural malformations

Answer 10

parts of chromosome to be missing, deformed:

cri-du-chat, angelman syndrome, prader-will syndrome

Question 11

nearly ___ of congenital malformations are due to unknown causes

Answer 11

50%

Question 12

all somatic cells are ______

Answer 12

diploid (2n)

Question 13

______ phases of gamete formation

Answer 13

origin and migration,

Question 14

______ phase of germ cells is the same

Answer 14

migration or origin, proliferation of germ cells through mitosis

Question 15

phase 1

Answer 15

origin and migration of germ cells

Question 16

phase 2

Answer 16

proliferation of germ cells through mitosis (puberty for men, first 5 months of development for women)

Question 17

follicle is made of

Answer 17

prophase and epithelium combined to surround oocyte (primary oocyte)

Question 18

meiotic event in ovum for priomordial follicle

Answer 18

primary oocyte

Question 19

final step of meiosis is not complete until

Answer 19

conception

Question 20

Hormonal Control of Ovulation

Answer 20

GnRH, FSH, LH

Question 21

GnRH is released from

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

GnRH acts on the

Answer 22

Anterior pituitary

Question 23

ANt pit secretes

Answer 23

FSH, LH

Question 24

Corpus luteum secretes

Answer 24

progesterone

Question 25

spermatogensis located in

Answer 25

seminiferous tubule

Question 26

smallest cell in body

Answer 26

sperm

Question 27

acrosome is made by shifting

Answer 27

golgi apparatus to head

Question 28

increases in LH stimulates

Answer 28

Laydig cells to

Question 29

fertilization occurs in the ____ or the uterine tube

Answer 29

ampulla

Question 30

Capacitation

Answer 30

to fully mature, the sperm need to live in the uterus, to dissolve acrosome, and utilize mitochondria

Question 31

requires approx _____ for capacitation

Answer 31

5-7 hours

Question 32

corona radiata was originally

Answer 32

granulosa cite

Question 33

acrosome reaction

Answer 33

spermatozoa penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida

Question 34

prevention of polyspermy

Answer 34

automatically depolarizes cell wall

Question 35

polyspermy is prevented by an influx of

Answer 35

Ca2+

Question 36

cleavage

Answer 36

4 days until morula

Question 37

individual cells called

Answer 37

blastomeres

Question 38

____of structure doesn't increase, only the _____

Answer 38

size, number

Question 39

zona palucida is a ____ shell

Answer 39

hard (Calcified)

Question 40

from morula to blastula

Answer 40

compaction, differentiation, cavitation

Question 41

blastocyst formation includes the formation of _____

Answer 41

sodium potassium pumps

Question 42

inner cell mass structures become___

Answer 42

embryo

Question 43

RNA in zygote is originally__

Answer 43

all maternal

Question 44

Maternal-Zygotic transition causes a _______ in RNA

Answer 44

drop

Question 45

Pluripotent cell example:

Answer 45

Inner mass cells

Question 46

Totipotent cell example:

Answer 46

morula

Question 47

AS cells are either ____ or ______

Answer 47

multipotent or unipotent

Question 48

Day 6-7 the zygote;

Answer 48

breaks out of shell and embeds in uterine wall

Question 49

implantation includes the

Answer 49

trophoblast begins to penetrate between the epithelial cells of the uterine mucosa

Question 50

when does pregnancy begin?

Answer 50

implantation, also no longer capable of bein totipotent

Question 51

all three germ layers are made of ______ and push the ____ out of the way

Answer 51

epiblast hypoblast

Question 52

the _____ is formed by the mesoderm cells

Answer 52

notochord

Question 53

the notochord is formed by the ______ migrating through the ________

Answer 53

mesoderm/primitive node

Question 54

ectoderm

Answer 54

surface ectoderm; neuroectoderm

Question 55

prosencephalon

Answer 55

3

Question 56

mesencephalon

Answer 56

4

Question 57

rhombencephalon

Answer 57

5

Question 58

somite organization

Answer 58

basis of forming axial skeleton

Question 59

segmentation is conserved by _______ genes

Answer 59

HOX genes (allow the body to be segmented in the appropriate way)

Question 60

placenta

Answer 60

chorion

Question 61

primary stem villus

Answer 61

11 to 13 days as cytotrophoblastic proliferations that bud into the overlying ; cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

Question 62

secondary stem villus

Answer 62

day 16 the extraembryonic mesoderm begins to proliferate

Question 63

3 phases of human development

Answer 63

germinal embryonic, fetal

Question 64

phase in which fetus is most susceptible to .....

Answer 64

embryonic